Hostname: page-component-669899f699-qzcqf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T19:09:18.181Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Resolution of structural transformation of intermediates in Al–Cu alloys during non-isothermal precipitation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2020

E-Wen Huang Open the ORCID record for E-Wen Huang [Opens in a new window] ,
Cheng-Si Tsao ,
Ming-Hsien Wen ,
Tsung-Yuan Kuo ,
Shang-Yi Tu ,
Bo-Wen Wu ,
Chun-Jen Su  and
U-Ser Jeng
E-Wen Huang*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering & Center for Neutron Beam Applications, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
Cheng-Si Tsao*
Affiliation:
Nuclear Fuel and Materials Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan, Republic of China
Ming-Hsien Wen
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
Tsung-Yuan Kuo
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, Republic of China
Shang-Yi Tu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
Bo-Wen Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan, Republic of China
Chun-Jen Su
Affiliation:
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan, Republic of China
U-Ser Jeng
Affiliation:
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
b)e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Morphological evolution and phase transformation of metastable intermediate precipitates are critical to their mechanical properties for the non-isothermal processing. During the non-isothermal precipitation, the formation of the new phases usually couples with structural evolution. Traditional structural characterization has limitation to resolve comprehensive changes simultaneously. In this study, we report direct observation, precipitation sequence, and the details of concurrent morphological and structural changes of various intermediate precipitates during non-isothermal heating in the Al–Cu systems with different pretreatments. The structural heterogeneity during the non-isothermal precipitation processes is resolved into coexistence of two different precipitate phases and quantitatively studied in terms of the phase transition and the morphological evolution. This paper presents the in situ small- and wide-angle synchrotron x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) to refine and to identify the mixed structural information during multiple precipitation stages. The WAXS results show that the precipitation sequence is θ″ → (θ″ + θ′) → θ′ → (θ′ + θ) → θ upon heating. Due to the fact of the specifically oriented SAXS intensity, the evolution of the aforementioned phase transformation is resolved by the refinement of the SAXS intensity integrated over the selected area. These methods reveal multiscale information that is not trivial comparing to the traditional characterization methods.

Keywords

structuralphase transformationx-ray diffraction
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , 14 April 2014 , pp. 874 - 879
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Hu, S.Y., Baskes, M.I., Stan, M., and Chen, L.Q.: Atomistic calculations of interfacial energies, nucleus shape and size of θ′ precipitates in Al–Cu alloys. Acta Mater. 54, 4699–4707 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgeois, L., Dwyer, C., Weyland, M., Nie, J-F., and Muddle, B.C.: Structure and energetics of the coherent interface between the θ′ precipitate phase and aluminium in Al–Cu. Acta Mater. 59, 7043–7050 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, A., Siegel, D.J., Wolverton, C., and Seidman, D.N.: Precipitates in Al–Cu alloys revisited: Atom-probe tomographic experiments and first-principles calculations of compositional evolution and interfacial segregation. Acta Mater. 59, 6187–6204 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolley, A., Mitlin, D., Radmilovic, V., and Dahmen, U.: Transmission electron microscopy analysis of grain boundary precipitate-free-zones (PFZs) in an AlCuSiGe alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 412, 204–213 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nie, J.F. and Muddle, B.C.: Strengthening of an Al–Cu–Sn alloy by deformation-resistant precipitate plates. Acta Mater. 56, 3490–3501 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, A.W., Chen, J., and Starke, E.A. Jr.: Precipitation strengthening of stress-aged Al–xCu alloys. Acta Mater. 48, 2239–2246 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgeois, L., Dwyer, C., Weyland, M., Nie, J-F., and Muddle, B.C.: The magic thicknesses of θ′ precipitates in Sn-microalloyed Al–Cu. Acta Mater. 60, 633–644 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. and Purdy, G.: On the growth of Widmanstätten precipitates in an Al–Cu alloy. Acta Mater. 56, 364–368 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sehitoglu, H., Foglesong, T., and Maier, H.: Precipitate effects on the mechanical behavior of aluminum copper alloys: Part II. modeling. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 763–770 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, S.K., Takeda, M., Mitome, M., Bando, Y., and Endo, T.: Precipitation behavior of an Al–Cu alloy during isothermal aging at low temperatures. Mater. Lett. 59, 629–632 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morito, H., Fujita, A., Fukamichi, K., Kainuma, R., Ishida, K., and Oikawa, K.: Magnetic-field-induced strain of Fe–Ni–Ga in single-variant state. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4993–4995 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starink, M.J. and van Mourik, P.: Cooling and heating rate dependence of precipitation in an Al–Cu alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 156, 183–194 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glatter, O. and Kratky, O.: Small Angle X-ray Scattering (Academic Press, New York, 1982).Google Scholar
Liao, H.C., Tsao, C.S., Lin, T.H., Jao, M.H., Chuang, C.M., Chang, S.Y., Huang, Y.C., Shao, Y.T., Chen, C.Y., Su, C.J., Jeng, U.S., Chen, Y.F., and Su, W.F.: Nanoparticle-tuned self-organization of a bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cell with enhanced performance. ACS Nano 6, 1657–1666 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsao, C.S., Huang, E-W., Wen, M.H., Kuo, T.Y., Jeng, S.L., Jeng, U-S., and Sun, Y.S.: Phase transformation and precipitation of an Al–Cu alloy during non-isothermal heating studied by in situ small-angle and wide-angle scattering. J. Alloys Compd. 579, 138–146 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsao, C.S., Chen, C.Y., Kuo, T.Y., Lin, T.L., and Yu, M.S.: Size distribution and coarsening kinetics of δ′ precipitates in Al–Li alloys considering temperature and concentration dependence. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 363, 228–233 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsao, C.S., Chen, C.Y., and Huang, J.Y.: Coarsening kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and interfacial characteristics of δ′ precipitates in Al–Li alloys taking into account the Gibbs-Thomson effect. Phys. Rev. B 70, 174104 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsao, C.S., Chen, C.Y., Jeng, U.S., and Kuo, T.Y.: Precipitation kinetics and transformation of metastable phases in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 54, 4621–4631 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deschamps, A. and Brechet, Y.: Influence of predeformation and ageing of an Al–Zn–Mg alloy II. Modeling of precipitation kinetics and yield stress. Acta Mater. 47, 293–305 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicolas, M. and Deschamps, A.: Characterisation and modelling of precipitate evolution in an Al–Zn–Mg alloy during non-isothermal heat treatments. Acta Mater. 51, 6077–6094 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chou, H.S., Du, X.H., Lee, C.J., and Huang, J.C.: Enhanced mechanical properties of multilayered micropillars of amorphous ZrCuTi and nanocrystalline Ta layers. Intermetallics 19, 1047–1051 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fratzl, P., Langmayr, F., and Paris, O.: Evaluation of 3D small-angle scattering from non-spherical particles in single crystals. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 26, 820–826 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Geuser, F., Bley, F., and Deschamps, A.: A new method for evaluating the size of plate-like precipitates by small-angle scattering. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 45, 1208–1218 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar