Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T21:40:16.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preparation and characterization of mesoporous g-C3N4/SiO2 material with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2019

Li Peng ,
Zi-wei Li ,
Ren-rong Zheng ,
Hui Yu Open the ORCID record for Hui Yu [Opens in a new window]  and
Xiang-ting Dong
Li Peng
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
Zi-wei Li
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
Ren-rong Zheng
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
Hui Yu*
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
Xiang-ting Dong
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Composite materials include various components with different structures, which cooperatively increase their properties and extend their application. In this study, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) guest material was assembled into the porous of the SiO2 aerogel, which was prepared during the gel process. By this way, the g-C3N4 could be absolutely encapsulated into the porous of the disordered porous SiO2 aerogel. The prepared g-C3N4/SiO2 composite had a loose porous structure and exhibited the much higher photocatalytic activity to the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. The disordered porous structure enhanced photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate reached to 96.42% in 90 min under the irradiation of visible light, which could be attributed to its high surface area and effective electron–hole separation rate. The catalyst had the much higher stability and could be easily recycled utilization. The prepared composites could be applied to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater.

Keywords

SiO2 aerogelg-C3N4g-C3N4/SiO2 compositephotocatalytic degradationrhodamine Bvisible light
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 10 , 28 May 2019 , pp. 1785 - 1794
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Li, W. and Zhao, D.Y.: An overview of the synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials. Chem. Commun. 49, 943 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maraumoto, A., Misran, H., and Tsutsumi, K.: Adsorption characteristics of organosilica based mesoporous materials. Langmuir 20, 7139 (2004).Google Scholar
Zhao, C.X., Liu, Q., Chen, W., Gao, T., and Xu, L.F.: Synthesis and photoluminescence of Eu(DBM)3phen/APTES-SBA-15 with morphology of pearl-like chains. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 16, 356 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Araujo, A.S. and Jaroniec, M.: Thermogravimetric monitoring of the MCM-41 synthesis. Thermochim. Acta 361, 175 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, H., Xia, L., and Zhao, X.L.: Synthesis of particular symmetrical mesoporous silicon dioxide sphere. Synth. React. Inorg., Met.-Org., Nano-Met. Chem. 45, 1266 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M.H., Deka, J.R., Cheng, C.J., Lu, N.F., Saikia, D., Yang, Y.C., and Kao, H.M.: Synthesis of highly dispersed ultra-small nanoparticles within the cage-type mesopores of 3D cubic mesoporous silica via double agent reduction method for catalytic hydrogen generation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 243, 764 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X.S., Lu, G.Q., and Millar, G.J.: Advances in mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, 2075 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Y.N., Xia, L., Zhang, T., Shi, B., Huang, L.N., Zhong, B., Zhang, X.Y., Wang, H.T., Zhang, J., and Wen, G.W.: Fe3O4@LAS/RGO composites with a multiple transmission-absorption mechanism and enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Chem. Eng. J. 352, 510 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, L., Zhang, X.Y., Yang, Y.N., Zhang, J., Zhong, B., Zhang, T., and Wang, H.T.: Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties of laminated SiCNW-Cf/lithium–aluminum–silicate (LAS) composites. J. Alloys Compd. 748, 154 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujishima, A. and Honda, K.: Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238, 37 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, D., Xu, J., Xie, Z., and Shen, G.Z.: Nanowires assembled SnO2 nanopolyhedrons with enhanced gas sensing properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 2112 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhen, L., Sheng, J.Y., Zhang, Y.H., Li, X.J., and Xu, Y.M.: Role of CeO2 as oxygen promoter in the accelerated photocatalytic degradation of phenol over rutile TiO2. Appl. Catal., B 166–167, 313 (2015).Google Scholar
Ribeirinha, P., Mateos-Pedrero, C., Boaventura, M., Sousa, J., and Mendes, A.: CuO/ZnO/Ga2O3 catalyst for low temperature MSR reaction: Synthesis, characterization and kinetic model. Appl. Catal., B 221, 371 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamat, P.V.: TiO2 nanostructures: Recent physical chemistry advances. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 11849 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Yu, L., Hu, Y., Guo, C.F., Zhang, F.M., and Lou, X.W.: A magnetically separable photocatalyst based on nest-like γ-Fe₂O₃/ZnO double-shelled hollow structures with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale 4, 183 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferreira, T.L.B., Garcia, L.M.P., Gurgel, G.H.M., Nascimento, R.M., Godinho, M.J., Bomio, M.R.D., Motta, F.V., and Rodrigues, M.H.M.J.: Effects of MnO2/In2O3 thin films on photocatalytic degradation 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol and methylene blue in water. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29, 12278 (2018).Google Scholar
Felipe, L.D.S., Laitinen, T., Pirilä, M., Keiski, R.L., and Ojala, S.: Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from wastewaters by TiO2, In2O3, and Ga2O3 catalysts. Top. Catal. 60, 1345 (2017).Google Scholar
Li, X., Yu, J.G., Jaroniec, M., and Chen, X.B.: Cocatalysts for selective photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels. Chem. Rev. 119, 3962 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, X., Yu, J.G., and Jaroniec, M.: Hierarchical photocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45, 2603 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, X., Xie, J., Jiang, C.J., Yu, J.G., and Zhang, P.Y.: Review on design and evaluation of environmental photocatalysts. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 12, 14 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, R.C., Jiang, C.J., Xiang, Q.J., Xie, J., and Li, X.: Surface and interface engineering of hierarchical photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 471, 43 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challagulla, S. and Roy, S.: The role of fuel to oxidizer ratio in solution combustion synthesis of TiO2 and its influence on photocatalysis. J. Mater. Res. 14, 2764 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, M., Zhu, L., Ong, W.L., Wang, J., and Ho, G.W.: Structural design of TiO2-based photocatalyst for H2 production and degradation applications. Catal. Sci. Technol. 5, 4703 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, H.R., Hu, C.J., Zhai, H.F., Yang, J.E., Liu, X.G., and Jia, H.S.: Fabrication of In2O3/ZnO@Ag nanowire ternary composites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv. 7, 37220 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rashid, J., Barakat, M.A., Salah, N., and Habib, S.S.: Ag/ZnO nanoparticles thin films as visible light photocatalysts. RSC Adv. 4, 56892 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, H.J., Liu, R., Liang, C.C., Yang, S.C., Wang, F., Lu, X.G., and Ding, B.J.: Gold nanoparticle doped hollow SnO2 supersymmetric nanostructures for improved photocatalysis. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 4097 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, W., Zhang, S.F., Ren, F., Xiao, X.H., Zhou, J., and Jiang, C.Z.: Controlled synthesis of magnetic iron oxides@SnO2 quasi-hollow core–shell heterostructures: Formation mechanism, and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale 3, 4676 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, J., Zhang, N., Su, J.Z., and Guo, L.J.: α-Fe2O3 quantum dots: Low-cost synthesis and photocatalytic oxygen evolution capabilities. RSC Adv. 6, 41060 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R.Y., Wan, W.C., Li, D.W., Dong, F., and Zhou, Y.: Three-dimensional MoS2/reduced graphene oxide aerogel as a macroscopic visible-light photocatalyst. Chin. J. Catal. 38, 313 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahzoon, S., Nowee, S.M., and Haghighi, M.: Synergetic combination of 1D–2D g-C3N4 heterojunction nanophotocatalyst for hydrogen production via water splitting under visible light irradiation. Renewable Energy 127, 433 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Z., Zeng, L., Chen, Y.J., Ma, Y.Y., Zhao, C.R., Jin, R.S., and Lu, Y.: In situ preparation of Z-scheme MoO3/g-C3N4 composite with high performance in photocatalytic CO2 reduction and RhB degradation. J. Mater. Res. 32, 3660 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, S.R., He, Y.M., Wu, Q., Wu, Y., and Wu, T.H.: Visible-light responsive plasmonic Ag2O/Ag/g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. J. Mater. Res. 31, 2252 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M., Fang, M.H., Tang, C., Zhang, L.N., Huang, Z.H., Liu, Y.G., and Wu, X.W.: A C3N4/Bi2WO6 organic–inorganic hybrid photocatalyst with a high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. J. Mater. Res. 31, 713 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wen, J.Q., Xie, J., Chen, X.B., and Li, X.: A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 391, 72 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, T.T., Liu, L.F., and Yang, F.L.: Heterojunction between anodic TiO2/g-C3N4 and cathodic WO3/W nano-catalysts for coupled pollutant removal in a self-biased system. Chin. J. Catal. 38, 270 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Maeda, K., Thomas, A., Takanabe, K., Xin, G., Carlsson, J.M., Domen, K., and Antonietti, M.: A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat. Mater. 8, 76 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, S.P., Li, C., Wang, T., Zhang, P., Li, A., and Gong, J.: Controllable synthesis of nanotube-type graphitic C3N4 and their visible-light photocatalytic and fluorescent properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 2885 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, C.C., Ge, L., Chen, C.F., Li, Y.J., Xiao, X.L., Zhang, Y.N., and Guo, L.L.: Novel visible light induced Co3O4-g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange. Appl. Catal., B 147, 546 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, S.M., Han, J.Y., Zhou, T.H., and Xu, R.: Recent progress in g-C3N4 based low cost photocatalytic system: Activity enhancement and emerging applications. Catal. Sci. Technol. 15, 5048 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akple, M.S., Low, J.X., Wageh, S., and Yu, J.G.: Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2-production of g-C3N4/WS2 composite heterostructures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 358, 196 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S.L. and Chen, J.L.: Enhanced photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composites via facile one-step fabrication. J. Mater. Res. 10, 1391 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naseri, A., Samadi, M., Pourjavadi, A., Moshfegh, A.Z., and Ramakrishna, S.: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for solar hydrogen generation: Recent advances and future development directions. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 23406 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, Z.M., Yang, H., and Zhao, X.X.: Enhanced photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction nanocomposites. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 229, 160 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, Y.C., Yang, H., Wang, X.X., and Feng, W.J.: Photocatalytic, fenton and photo-fenton degradation of RhB over Z-scheme g-C3N4/LaFeO3 heterojunction photocatalysts. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 82, 14 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kong, L.G., Dong, Y.M., Jiang, P.P., Wang, G.L., Zhang, H.Z., and Zhao, N.: Light-assisted rapid preparation of Ni/g-C3N4 magnetic composite for robust photocatalytic H2 evolution from water. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 9998 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X.X., Wang, S.S., Hu, W.D., Cai, J., Zhang, L.H., Dong, L.H., Zhao, L.H., and He, Y.M.: Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of SiO2/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst. Mater. Lett. 115, 53 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiraishi, Y., Kanazawa, S., and Sugano, Y.: Highly selective production of hydrogen peroxide on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst activated by visible light. ACS Catal. 4, 774 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Zhang, H., and Liu, P.: Cross-Linked g-C3N4/rGo nanocomposites with tunable band structure and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Small 9, 3336 (2013).Google Scholar
Wang, F.L., Feng, Y.P., Chen, P., Wang, Y.F., Su, Y.H., Zhang, Q.X., Zeng, Y.Q., Xie, Z.J., Liu, H.J., Liu, Y., Lv, W.Y., and Liu, G.G.: Photocatalytic degradation of fluroquinolone antibiotics using ordered mesoporous g-C3N4 under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, mechanism, and antibacterial activity elimination. Appl. Catal., B 227, 114 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, L.M., Qi, Y., Jia, C.J., Jin, Z., and Fan, W.L.: Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/Zn2GeO4 heterojunctions with effective interfaces based on band match. Nanoscale 6, 2649 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed