Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T16:07:49.857Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Polyaniline nanofibers prepared by a facile electrochemical approach and their supercapacitor performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Haibin Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
Hanlu Li
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
Fengbao Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
Jixiao Wang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
Zhi Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
Shichang Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were prepared electrochemically by a template-free method on different active substrates in aqueous solutions containing aniline and inorganic acid or organic acid. The influences of experimental parameters, such as polymerization potential, techniques of applied potential, electrolyte composition, and polymerization temperature, on the morphologies of the PANI nanofibers were systematically investigated. The PANI nanofibers obtained have promising applications in supercapacitors whose specific capacitance is as high as 1.21 × 103 F/g, which is the highest value possible using sulfuric acid (1.00 M H2SO4) as electrolyte. In addition, the formation mechanism of PANI nanofibers is discussed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Zhang, Z.M., Wan, M.X.Wei, Y.: Electromagnetic functionalized polyaniline nanostructures. Nanotechnology 16, 2827 2005Google Scholar
2Jana, T.Nandi, A.K.: Tailoring of the self-organized structure of sulfonated polyaniline from a fibrillar network to a colloidal aggregate. J. Mater. Res. 18, 1691 2003Google Scholar
3Li, G.C., Pang, S.P., Liu, J.H., Wang, Z.B.Zhang, Z.K.: Synthesis of polyaniline submicrometer-sized tubes with controllable morphology. J. Nanopart. Res. 8, 1039 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Martin, C.R.: Membrane-based synthesis of nanomaterials. Chem. Mater. 8, 1739 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Ma, Y.F., Zhang, J.M., Zhang, G.J.He, H.X.: Polyaniline nanowires on Si surfaces fabricated with DNA templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 7097 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Li, G.C.Zhang, Z.K.: Synthesis of dendritic polyaniline nanofibers in a surfactant gel. Macromolecules 37, 2683 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Zhong, W.B., Liu, S.M., Chen, X.H., Wang, Y.X.Yang, W.T.: High-yield synthesis of superhydrophilic polypyrrole nanowire networks. Macromolecules 39, 3224 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Zhang, X.Y., Goux, W.J.Manohar, S.K.: Synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers by “nanofiber seeding”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4502 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Chiou, N.R.Epstein, A.J.: Polyaniline nanofibers prepared by dilute polymerization. Adv. Mater. 17, 1679 2005Google Scholar
10Li, W.G.Wang, H.L.: Oligomer-assisted synthesis of chiral polyaniline nanofibers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 2278 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Huang, J.X.Kaner, R.B.: A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 851 2004Google Scholar
12Huang, J.X.Kaner, R.B.: Nanofiber formation in the chemical polymerization of aniline: A mechanistic study. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 43, 5817 2004Google Scholar
13Gupta, V.Miura, N.: Large-area network of polyaniline nanowires prepared by potentiostatic deposition process. Electrochem. Commun. 7, 995 2005Google Scholar
14Zhang, H.B., Wang, J.X., Zhou, Z.B., Wang, Z., Zhang, F.B.Wang, S.C.: Preparation of nanostructured polyaniline and its super-amphiphilic behavior. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 29, 68 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Huang, J.X.Kaner, R.B.: The intrinsic nanofibrillar morphology of polyaniline. Chem. Commun. 367 2006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Liang, L., Liu, J., Windisch, C.F. Jr., Exarhos, G.Lin, Y.H.: Direct assembly of large arrays of oriented conducting polymer nanowires. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 41, 3665 2002Google Scholar
17Zou, X.H., Zhang, S., Shi, M.H.Kong, J.L.: Remarkably enhanced capacitance of ordered polyaniline nanowires tailored by stepwise electrochemical deposition. J. Solid State Electrochem. 11, 317 2007Google Scholar
18Giglio, E.D., Guascito, M.R., Sabbatini, L.Zambonin, G.: Electropolymerization of pyrrole on titanium substrates for the future development of new biocompatible surfaces. Biomaterials 22, 2609 2001Google Scholar
19Wang, Y.G., Li, H.Q.Xia, Y.Y.: Ordered whiskerlike polyaniline grown on the surface of mesoporous carbon and its electrochemical capacitance performance. Adv. Mater. 18, 2619 2006Google Scholar
20Frackowiak, E., Khomenko, V., Jurewicz, K., Lota, K.Béguin, F.: Supercapacitors based on conducting polymers/nanotubes composites. J. Power Sources 153, 413 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Fang, W.C., Chyan, O., Sun, C.L., Wu, C.T., Chen, C.P., Chen, K.H., Chen, L.C.Huang, J.H.: Arrayed CNxNT–RuO2 nanocomposites directly grown on Ti-buffered Si substrate for supercapacitor applications. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 239 2007Google Scholar
22Mandić, Z., Duić, L.Kovačiček, F.: The influence of counter-ions on nucleation growth of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline film. Electrochim. Acta 42, 1389 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Okamoto, H., Okamoto, M.Kotaka, T.: Structure development in polyaniline films during electrochemical polymerization. II: Structure and properties of polyaniline films prepared via electrochemical polymerization. Polymer 39, 4359 1998Google Scholar
24Langer, J.J.: Polyaniline fractals—A computer modelling. Synth. Met. 113, 263 2000Google Scholar
25Grumelli, D.E., Forzani, E.S., Morales, G.M., Miras, M.C., Barbero, C.A.Calvo, E.J.: Microgravimetric study of electrochemically controlled nucleophilic addition of sulfite to polyaniline. Langmuir 20, 2349 2004Google Scholar
26Yakuphanoglu, F., Basaran, E., Senkal, B.F.Sezer, E.: Electrical and optical properties of an organic semiconductor based on polyaniline prepared by emulsion polymerization and fabrication of Ag/polyaniline/n-Si Schottky diode. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 16908 2006Google Scholar
27Stilwell, D.E.Park, S.M.: Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 2254 1988Google Scholar
28Mažeikienè, R.Malinauskas, A.: Kinetic study of the electrochemical degradation of polyaniline. Synth. Met. 123, 349 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar