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Plastic deformation of oxide scales at elevated temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Yifan Zhang ,
William W. Gerberich  and
David A. Shores
Yifan Zhang
Affiliation:
Corrosion Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
William W. Gerberich
Affiliation:
Corrosion Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
David A. Shores
Affiliation:
Corrosion Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Abstract

The atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to observe and characterize for the first time surface steps and grooves on the faces of Cr2O3 grains formed as an oxide scale on Ni−30Cr and Ni−30Cr−0.5Y alloys during high temperature oxidation. The very high spatial resolution of the AFM is required to characterize these features. We propose that these surface features, whose dimensions are in the range of nanometers and tens of nanometers, may be interpreted as evidence of highly localized plastic deformation of the oxide scale. The size and spacing of the steps and grooves are consistent with models of plastic deformation based on slip bands derived from dislocation climb or dislocation glide. Mechanical twinning and the models for stress-driven surface instability are also possibly responsible for some surface features. The addition of yttrium to the alloy seemed to enable enhanced plastic deformation of the scale. The strain corresponding to the observed features, estimated by simple models, could relax a significant part of oxide growth and thermal stresses.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , March 1997 , pp. 697 - 705
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

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