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Phase transformation of nanocrystalline anatase-to-rutile via combined interface and surface nucleation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Hengzhong Zhang  and
Jillian F. Banfield
Hengzhong Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Jillian F. Banfield
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Abstract

The kinetics of phase transformation of nanocrystalline anatase samples was studied using x-ray diffraction at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1150 °C. Kinetic data were analyzed with an interface nucleation model and a newly proposed kinetic model for combined interface and surface nucleation. Results revealed that the activation energy of nucleation is size dependent. In anatase samples with denser particle packing, rutile nucleates primarily at interfaces between contacting anatase particles. In anatase samples with less dense particle packing, rutile nucleates at both interfaces and free surfaces of anatase particles. The predominant nucleation mode may change from interface nucleation at low temperatures to surface nucleation at intermediate temperatures and to bulk nucleation at very high temperatures. Alumina particles dispersed among the anatase particles can effectively reduce the probability of interface nucleation at all temperatures.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , February 2000 , pp. 437 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

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