Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:42:35.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure and compression behavior of chip consolidated magnesium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2012

Adamane R. Anilchandra ,
Ritwik Basu ,
Indradev Samajdar  and
Mirle K. Surappa
Adamane R. Anilchandra*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
Ritwik Basu
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
Indradev Samajdar
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
Mirle K. Surappa
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India Director, Indian Institute of Technology—Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India (on Deputation from Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India)
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Chips produced by turning a commercial purity magnesium billet were cold compacted and then hot extruded at four different temperatures: 250, 300, 350, and 400 °C. Cast billets, of identical composition, were also extruded as reference material. Chip boundaries, visible even after 49:1 extrusion at 400 °C, were observed to suppress grain coarsening. Although 250 °C extruded chip-consolidated product showed early onset of yielding and lower ductility, fully dense material (extruded at 400 °C) had nearly 40% reduction in grain size with 22% higher yield strength and comparable ductility as that of the reference. The study highlights the role of densification and grain refinement on the compression behavior of chip consolidated specimens.

Keywords

ExtrusionGrain sizeHardness
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , 28 February 2012 , pp. 709 - 719
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Sharma, C. and Nakagawa, T.: Recent development in the recycling of machining swarfs by sintering and powder forging. Ann. CIPR. 25, 121 (1977).Google Scholar
2.Mabuchi, M., Kubota, K., and Higashi, K.: Superplasticity in an AZ91 alloy extrusion processed from machined chips. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12, 1831 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Mabuchi, M., Kubota, K., and Higashi, K.: New recycling process by extrusion for machined chips of AZ91 magnesium and mechanical properties of extruded bars. Mater. Trans. JIM. 36, 1249 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Nakanishi, M., Mabuchi, M., Saito, N., Nakamura, M., and Higashi, K.: Tensile properties of the ZK60 magnesium alloy produced by hot extrusion of machined chip. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 17, 2003 (1998).Google Scholar
5.Samuel, M.: A new technique for recycling aluminium scrap. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 135, 117 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Gronostajski, J., Marciniak, H., and Matuszak, A.: New methods of aluminium and aluminium-alloy chips recycling. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 106, 34 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Sherafat, Z., Paydar, M.H., and Ebrahimi, R.: Fabrication of Al7075/Al, two phase material, by recycling Al7075 alloy chips using powder metallurgy route. J. Alloy. Comp. 487, 395 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Chino, Y., Mabuchi, M., Otsuka, S., Shimojima, K., Hosokawa, H., Yamada, Y., Wen, C., and Iwasaki, H.: Corrosion and mechanical properties of recycled 5083 aluminum alloy by solid state recycling. Mater. Trans. 44, 1284 (2003).Google Scholar
9.Chino, Y., Iwasaki, H., and Mabuchi, M.: Solid-state recycling for machined chips of iron by hot extrusion and annealing. J. Mater. Res. 19, 1524 (2004).Google Scholar
10.Luo, P., Xie, H., Paladugu, M., Palanisamy, S., Dargusch, M.S., and Xia, K.: Recycling of titanium machining chips by severe plastic deformation consolidation. J. Mater. Sci. 45, 4606 (2010).Google Scholar
11.Chino, Y., Kobata, M., Shimojima, K., Hosokawa, H., Yamada, Y., Iwasaki, H., and Mabuchi, M.: Blow forming of Mg alloy recycled by solid-state recycling. Mater. Trans. 45, 361 (2004).Google Scholar
12.Nakanishi, M., Mabchi, M., Kubota, K., and Higashi, K.: Relationship between extrusion ratio and mechanical properties of extruded machined-chips of AZ 91 Mg alloy. J. Jpn. Soc. Powder and Powder Metall. 42, 373 (1995).Google Scholar
13.Watanabe, H., Moriwaki, K., Mukai, T., Ishikawa, K., Kohzu, M., and Higashi, K.: Consolidation of machined magnesium alloy chips by hot extrusion utilizing superplastic flow. J. Mater. Sci. 36, 5007 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Chino, Y., Hoshika, T., and Lee, J-S.: Mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy recycled by severe deformation. J. Mater. Res. 21, 754 (2006).Google Scholar
15.Chino, Y. and Mabuchi, M.: Deformation characteristics of recycled AZ91 Mg alloy containing oxide contaminants. Mater. Trans. 49, 1093 (2008).Google Scholar
16.Tao, Y., Ming-yi, Z., Xiao-shi, H., and Kun, W.: Recycling of AZ91 Mg alloy through consolidation of machined chips by extrusion and ECAP. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 20, s604 (2010).Google Scholar
17.Peng, T., Wang, Q.D., Han, Y.K., Zheng, J., and Guo, W.: Consolidation behavior of Mg–10Gd–2Y–0.5Zr chips during solid-state recycling. J. Alloys Compd. 503, 253 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Pérez, P., Garcés, G., and Adeva, P.: Influence of texture on the mechanical properties of commercially pure magnesium prepared by powder metallurgy. J. Mater. Sci. 42, 3969 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Mueller, S., Mueller, K., and Reimers, W.: Modifications of the extrusion process of magnesium alloys for improved mechanical properties. Key Eng. Mater. 367, 9 (2009).Google Scholar
20.Bohlen, J., Yi, S.B., Swiostek, J., Letzig, D., Brokmeier, H.G., and Kainer, K.U.: Microstructure and texture development during hydrostatic extrusion of magnesium alloy AZ31. Scr. Mater. 53, 259 (2005).Google Scholar
21.Wright, S.I., Bingert, J., Masaon, T.A., and Larsen, R.J.: Advanced characterization of twins using automated electron backscatter diffraction. Mater. Sci. Forum. 408–412, 511 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Mishra, S., Narasimhan, K., and Samajdar, I.: Deformation twinning in AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel: Role of strain and strain path. Mater. Sci. Technol. 23, 1118 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Sahoo, S.K., Hiwarkar, V.D., Samajdar, I., Pant, P., Dey, G.K., Srivastav, D., Tewari, R., and Banerjee, S.: Deformation twinning in zircaloy2. Mater. Sci. Technol. 26, 104 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Barnett, M.R., Keshavarz, Z., Beer, A.G., and Atwell, D.: Influence of grain size on the compressive deformation of wrought Mg-3Al-1Zn. Acta Mater. 52, 5093 (2004).Google Scholar
25.Christian, J.W. and Mahajan, S.: Deformation twinning. Prog. Mater. Sci. 39, 1 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Koike, J., Kobayashi, T., Mukai, T., Watanabe, H., Suzuki, M., Maruyama, K., and Higashi, K.: The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta Mater. 51, 2055 (2003).Google Scholar
27.Dorris, J.F.: Classification of failure modes for unconfined compression tests of multi-year ridge ice. Technical information record, BRC-1285, Project No. 27802.34, Shell Development Company, Texas, USA (1985).Google Scholar
28.Wei, X.X. and Chau, K.T.: Finite and transversely isotropic elastic cylinders under compression with end constraint induced by friction. Int. J. Solids Struct. 46, 1953 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Rao, J.B., Kamaluddin, S., and Bhargava, N.R.M.R.: Optical strain measurements and its finite element analysis of cold workability limits of pure aluminium. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 2, 1 (2010).Google Scholar
30.Chen, F.K. and Chen, C.J.: On the non-uniform deformation of the cylinder compression test. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 122, 192 (2000).Google Scholar
31.Biswas, S., Dhinwal, S.S., and Suwas, S.: Room-temperature equal channel angular extrusion of pure magnesium. Acta Mater. 58, 3247 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Andersson, P., Cáceres, C.H., and Koike, J.: Hall-Petch parameters for tension and compression in cast Mg. Mater. Sci. Forum. 419–422, 123 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Mann, G., Griffiths, J.R., and Cáceres, C.H.: Hall-Petch parameters in tension and compression in cast Mg-2Zn alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 378, 188 (2004).Google Scholar
34.Yin, D.L., Wang, J.T., Liu, J.Q., and Zhao, X.: On tension–compression yield asymmetry in an extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy. J. Alloys. Compd. 478, 789 (2009).Google Scholar
35.Wang, Y.N. and Huang, J.C.: Texture analysis in hexagonal materials. Mater. Chem. Phys. 81, 11 (2003).Google Scholar
36.Paramsothy, M., Hassan, S.F., Srikanth, N., and Gupta, M.: Enhancement of compressive strength and failure strain in AZ31 magnesium alloy. J. Alloys. Compd. 482, 73 (2009).Google Scholar
37.Barnett, M.R., Keshavraz, Z., Beer, A.G., and Atwell, D.: Influence of grain size on the compressive deformation of wrought Mg-3Al-1Zn. Acta Mater. 52, 5093 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Barnett, M.R.: Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys: Part I: “Tension” twins. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 464, 1 (2007).Google Scholar
39.Chino, Y., Furuta, T., Hakamada, M., and Mabuchi, M.: Influence of distribution of oxide contaminants on fatigue behavior in AZ31 Mg alloy recycled by solid-state processing. Mater. Sci. Eng. 424, 355 (2006).Google Scholar
40.Matsuura, K., Watanabe, Y., and Hirashima, Y.: Use of recycled steel machining chips and aluminium can shreds for synthesizing iron aluminide intermetallic alloys. ISIJ Int. 44, 1258 (2004).Google Scholar