Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:18:21.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Materials reliability issues with coaxial cable systems for the information superhighway

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

R. B. Comizzoli ,
G. R. Crane ,
M. E. Fiorino ,
R. P. Frankenthal ,
H. W. Krautter ,
G. A. Peins ,
D. J. Siconolfi  and
J. D. Sinclair
R. B. Comizzoli
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
G. R. Crane
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
M. E. Fiorino
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
R. P. Frankenthal
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
H. W. Krautter
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
G. A. Peins
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
D. J. Siconolfi
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
J. D. Sinclair
Affiliation:
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2070
Get access

Abstract

A frequently advocated design for the Information Superhighway that will provide voice, video, and two-way digital communication for businesses and residences calls for transmission on optical fibers from the source (head end) to neighborhood nodes and coaxial cable for distribution from the neighborhood nodes to individual subscribers. Materials reliability challenges abound from the head end to the customer's premise. The maximum allowed service outage per customer is expected to be less than one hour per year. The fiber portion of the network, including lasers, amplifiers, lenses, and the fiber itself, carries two-way transmission to large neighborhoods. With one fiber serving hundreds of customers, cost/reliability tradeoffs emphasize reliability. At neighborhood nodes, where the network branches, coaxial components carry the signal to the street level, where each subscriber is served by at least one drop cable and one network interface unit. The volume of components is much higher. The challenge is to achieve high reliability at low cost. Indeed, one of the impediments to replacing coaxial distribution in the neighborhood with fiber is the difficulty of achieving low-cost, reliable packaging for lasers and other optical components, while maintaining reliability. Since covering all the many materials aspects of system reliability would fill an entire book, the important design considerations, materials issues, and test methods that bear on the reliability of hybrid fiber coaxial systems will be illustrated by reviewing several aspects of coaxial reliability. The intent is to illustrate the methods used to identify and prevent failure mechanisms and the information that must be assembled for making appropriate decisions on reliability/cost tradeoffs. While coaxial systems have been used for over 20 years to bring cable TV to homes across North America, the requirements for reliability and signal quality with these one-way analog rf systems are less demanding than those for two-way digital data transmission. Many of the reliability issues that could potentially degrade performance characteristics of coaxial cable systems are materials and environment related. This paper discusses these issues to the extent that they are currently understood, presents results from some ongoing research to improve our understanding of the potential materials/environment related causes of signal deterioration, describes some prevention strategies, and discusses some of the many materials challenges that remain.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , March 1997 , pp. 857 - 865
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Mears, R. B., in Corrosion Handbook, edited by Uhlig, H. H. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1948), p. 39.Google Scholar
2.Uhlig, H. H. and Revie, R. W., Corrosion and Corrosion Control, 3rd ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985), p. 168.Google Scholar
3.Sinclair, J. D., Psota-Kelty, L. A., and Munier, G. B., Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension (Elsevier Science Pub., New York, 1983), p. 913.Google Scholar
4.Pourbaix, M., Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1974), p. 168.Google Scholar
5.Romanoff, M., “Underground Corrosion,” Circ. 579, p. 87, U.S. National Bureau of Standards (1957).Google Scholar
6.Böhni, H. and Uhlig, H. H., J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 906 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Comizzoli, R. B., Fiorino, M. E., Frankenthal, R. P., Krautter, H. W., Peins, G. A., and Siconolfi, D. J., unpublished.Google Scholar
8.Tan, T. C. and Chin, D-T., J. Electrochem. Soc. 132, 766 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Tolstaya, M. A., Potaminskaya, I. V., and Ioffe, E. I., Zash. Metal. 2, 455 (1966).Google Scholar
10. Ref. 2, p. 74.Google Scholar
11.Kaesche, H., Metallic Corrosion (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1985), Chap. 12.Google Scholar
12. Ref. 11, Chap. 10.Google Scholar
13.Jones, D. A., Principles and Prevention of Corrosion (MacMillan, New York, 1992), p. 23.Google Scholar
14.Holm, R., Electric Contacts: Theory and Application, 4th ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967), p. 232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Bayrak, M. and Benson, F. A., Proc. IEE 122 (4), 361 (1975).Google Scholar
16.Kellar, B. S., NCTA 33rd Annual Convention–Cable 84, Las Vegas (1984), p. 23.Google Scholar
17.Bennett, B. W., Proc. 34th IEEE Holm Conf. on Electrical Contacts (1988), p. 267.Google Scholar
18.Bauer, B., NCTA Technical Papers (Nat. Cable Television Assoc., Dallas, TX, 1992), p. 239.Google Scholar
19.Comizzoli, R. B., Frankenthal, R. P., Lobnig, R. E., Peins, G. A., Psota-Kelty, L. A., Siconolfi, D. J., and Sinclair, J. D., Electrochem. Soc. Interface 2 (3), 26 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Frankenthal, R. P., in Properties of Electrodeposits: Their Measurement and Significance, edited by Sard, R., Leidheiser, H. Jr, and Ogburn, F. (The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, NJ, 1975), p. 142.Google Scholar
21.Abbott, W. H., IEEE Trans. Compon., Hybrids, Manufact. Tech. 11, 22 (1988).Google Scholar
22. Military Standard MIL-STD-810E, Method 510-3.Google Scholar
23.Frankenthal, R. P., Siconolfi, D. J., and Sinclair, J. D., J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 3129 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Sinclair, J. D., Corrosion Test and Standards, edited by Baboian, R. (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1995), p. 295.Google Scholar