Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:02:29.104Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interlayer structure of organically modified montmorillonites: Effect of surfactant loading

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Qiang Zheng ,
Bo Xu ,
Yihu Song ,
Hongmei Yang  and
Yi Pan
Qiang Zheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
Bo Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
Yihu Song
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
Hongmei Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
Yi Pan
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium ion (CTA+) was confined within the galleries of montmorillonite (MMT) to obtain a series of organo-montmorillonites (C16-MMTs) through an ion-exchange intercalation reaction. The C16-MMT formed a single precipitate layer when CTA+ loading was 18.3 wt% but stratified at high loadings. The conformational disorder increased with increasing CTA+ loading. The upper precipitate was characterized by a larger gallery height and a higher surfactant loading in comparison with lower precipitate. The confined methylene chains adopted a lateral monolayer with a small percentage of conformation freedoms at CTA+ loading of 18.3 wt%. The intercalated methylene chains were arranged either in a lateral monolayer or in a tilted interdigitated bilayer at CTA+ loading of 24.7 wt% while in either a tilted interdigitated bilayer or a lateral bilayer at high CTA+ loadings. The different arrangements of methylene chains intercalated in the MMT galleries are believed to be the reason for the stratification.

Keywords

IntercalatedIntercalationMicrostructure
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , February 2005 , pp. 357 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Lagaly, G.: Kink-block and gauche-block structures of bimolecular films. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 15, 575 (1976).Google Scholar
2.Giannelis, E.P.: Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 8, 29 (1996).Google Scholar
3.Wang, R.W., Baran, G. and Wunder, S.L.: Packing and thermal stability of polyoctadecylsiloxane compared with octadecylsilane monolayers. Langmuir 16, 6298 (2000).Google Scholar
4.Venkataraman, N.Y. and Vasudevan, S.: Conformation of methylene chains in an intercalated surfactant bilayer. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1805 (2001).Google Scholar
5.Vaia, R.A. and Giannelis, E.P.: Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates. Macromolecules 30, 7990 (1997).Google Scholar
6.Vaia, R.A. and Giannelis, E.P.: Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates: Model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules 30, 8000 (1997).Google Scholar
7.Vaia, R.A., Sauer, B.B., Tse, O.K. and Giannelis, E.P.: Relaxations of confined chains in polymer nanocomposites: Glass transition properties of poly(ethylene oxide) intercalated in montmorillonite. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 35, 59 (1997).Google Scholar
8.Carrado, K.A. and Xu, L.: In situ synthesis of polymer-clay nanocomposites from silicate gels. Chem. Mater. 10, 1440 (1998).Google Scholar
9.Tanaka, G. and Goettler, L.A.: Predicting the binding energy for nylon 6,6/clay nanocomposites by molecular modeling. Polym. 43, 541 (2002).Google Scholar
10.Balazs, A.C., Singh, C. and Zhulina, E.: Modeling the interactions between polymers and clay surfaces through self-consistent field theory. Macromolecules 31, 8370 (1998).Google Scholar
11.Ginzburg, V.V., Singh, C. and Balazs, A.C.: Theoretical phase diagrams of polymer/clay composites: The role of grafted organic modifiers. Macromolecules 33, 1089 (2000).Google Scholar
12.Kuznetsov, D.V. and Balazs, A.C.: Scaling theory for end-functionalized polymers confined between two surfaces: Predictions for fabricating polymer/clay nanocomposites. J. Chem. Phys. 112, 4365 (2000).Google Scholar
13.Roger, H.G. and Jacob, N.I.: Direct measurement of structural forces between two surfaces in a nonpolar liquid. J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1400 (1981).Google Scholar
14.Hu, H., Carson, G.A. and Granick, S.: Relaxation time of confined liquids under shear. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2758 (1991).Google Scholar
15.Yui, T., Yoshida, H., Tachibana, H., Tryk, D.A. and Inoue, H.: Intercalation of polyfluorinated surfactants into clay minerals and the characterization of the hybrid compounds. Langmuir 18, 891 (2002).Google Scholar
16.Venkataraman, N.V. and Vasudevan, S.: Interdigitation of an intercalated surfactant bilayer. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 7639 (2001).Google Scholar
17.Osman, M.A., Seyfang, G. and Ulrich, W.: Two-dimensional melting of alkane monolayers ionically bonded to mica. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 4433 (2000).Google Scholar
18.Bandyopadhyay, S. and Yashonath, S.: Conformational analysis of n-butane in zeolite NaCaA: Temperature and concentration dependence. J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 5675 (1997).Google Scholar
19.Wang, R. and Wunder, S.L.: Thermal stability of octadecylsilane monolayers on silica: Curvature and free volume effects. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 173 (2001).Google Scholar
20.Wang, R., Guo, J., Baran, G. and Wunder, S.L.: Characterization of the state of order of octadecylsilane chains on fumed silica. Langmuir 16, 568 (2000).Google Scholar
21.Snyder, R.G., Strauss, H.L. and Elliger, C.A.: Carbon-hydrogen stretching modes and the structure of n-alkyl chains. 1. Long, disordered chains. J. Phys. Chem. 86, 5145 (1982).Google Scholar
22.MacPhail, R.A., Strauss, H.L., Snyder, R.G. and Elliger, C.A.: Carbon-hydrogen stretching modes and the structure of n-alkyl chains. 2. Long, all-trans chains. J. Phys. Chem. 88, 334 (1984).Google Scholar
23.Venkataraman, N.V. and Vasudevan, S.: Conformation of an alkane chain in confined geometry: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium ion intercalated in layered CdPS3. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 11179 (2000).Google Scholar
24.Osman, M.A., Ernst, M., Meier, B.H. and Suter, U.W.: Structure and molecular dynamics of alkane monolayers self-assembled on mica platelets. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 653 (2002).Google Scholar
25.Singh, S., Wegmann, J., Albert, K. and Muller, K.: Variable temperature FT-IR studies of n-alkyl modified silica gels. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 878 (2002).Google Scholar
26.Snyder, R.G., Tu, K., Klein, M.L., Mendelssohn, R., Strauss, H.L. and Sun, W.: Acyl chain conformation and packing in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers from MD simulation and IR spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 6273 (2002).Google Scholar
27.Barman, S., Venkataraman, N.Y., Vasudevan, S. and Seshadri, R.: Phase transitions in the anchored organic bilayers of long-chain alkylammonium lead iodides (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4; n = 12, 16, 18. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 1875 (2003).Google Scholar
28.Hostetler, M.J., Stokes, J.J. and Murray, R.W.: Infrared spectroscopy of three-dimensional self-assembled monolayers: n-Alkanethiolate monolayers on gold cluster compounds. Langmuir 12, 3604 (1996).Google Scholar
29.Wang, R. and Wunder, S.L.: Thermal stability of octadecylsilane monolayers on silica: Curvature and free volume effects. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 173 (2001).Google Scholar
30.Xie, W., Gao, Z., Pan, W.P., Hunter, D., Singh, A. and Vaia, R.: Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite. Chem. Mater. 13, 2979 (2001).Google Scholar
31.Comotti, A., Simonutti, R., Catel, G. and Sozzani, P.: Isolated linear alkanes in aromatic nanochannels. Chem. Mater. 11, 1476 (1999).Google Scholar
32.Pursch, M., Vanderhart, D.L., Sander, L.C., Gu, X., Nguyen, T., Wise, S.A. and Gajewski, D.A.: C30 self-assembled monolayers on silica, titania, and zirconia: HPLC performance, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and NMR studies of molecular dynamics and uniformity of coverage. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 6997 (2000).Google Scholar
33.Hackett, E., Manias, E. and Giannelis, E.P.: Molecular dynamics simulations of organically modified layered silicates. J. Chem. Phys. 108, 7410 (1998).Google Scholar
34.Jin, R.Y., Song, K. and Hase, W.L.: Molecular dynamics simulations of the structures of alkane/hydroxylated -Al2O3(0001) interfaces. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2692 (2000).Google Scholar
35.Sato, H., Yamagishi, A. and Kawamura, K.: Molecular simulation for flexibility of a single clay layer. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 7990 (2001).Google Scholar
36.Heinz, H., Castelijns, H.J. and Suter, U.W.: Structure and phase transitions of alkyl chains on mica. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 9500 (2003).Google Scholar
37.Chen, G., Ma, Y. and Qi, Z.: Preparation of polystyrene/toluene-2,4-di-isocyanate -modified montmorillonite hybrid. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 77, 2201 (2000).Google Scholar
38.Lagaly, G.: Interaction of alkylamines with different types of layered compounds. Solid State Ionics 22, 43 (1986).Google Scholar
39.Ricard, L., Cavagnat, R. and Rey-Lafon, M.: Vibrational study of the dynamics of n-alkylammonium chains in the perovskite-type layer compounds (CnH2n+1NH3)2CdCl4 (n = 8, 12, 16). J. Phys. Chem. 89, 4887 (1985).Google Scholar
40.Israelachvili, J.B.: Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Academic Press, New York, 1985).Google Scholar