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High energy ball-milled Ti2RuFe electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in the chlorate industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Marco Blouin ,
Daniel Guay ,
Jacques Huot  and
Robert Schulz
Marco Blouin
Affiliation:
INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, C.P. 1020, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
Daniel Guay*
Affiliation:
INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, C.P. 1020, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
Jacques Huot
Affiliation:
Technologie des Matériaux, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro–Québec, 1800 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S1
Robert Schulz
Affiliation:
Technologie des Matériaux, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro–Québec, 1800 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S1
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

The high energy mechanical alloying of a Ti–Ru–Fe powder mixture (atomic ratio 2 : 1: 1) has been performed by extensive ball-milling in a steel crucible. The structural evolution of the resulting materials has been studied by x-ray powder diffraction analysis. The identification of the various phases present in the materials, as well as the crystallite size and strain, has been performed by Rietveld refinement analysis. In the first stage of the material transformation, Ru or Fe atoms dissolved into Ti to yield to the formation of β–Ti. Upon further ball-milling, almost all the original constituents of the powder mixture have disappeared and a new simple cubic Ti2RuFe phase is formed, with a crystallite size as small as 8 nm. The electrochemical properties of these materials have been tested in a typical chlorate electrolyte by cold-pressing the powders into disk electrodes. At 20 h of ball-milling, where the phase concentration of Ti2RuFe reaches 96%, a reduction of the activation overpotential at 250 mA cm−2 of nearly 250 mV is observed when compared to that of a pure iron electrode.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 12 , Issue 6 , June 1997 , pp. 1492 - 1500
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

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