Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:14:38.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of cold rolling on the indentation deformation of AA6061 aluminum alloy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Fuqian Yang ,
Wenwen Du  and
Kenji Okazaki
Fuqian Yang*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
Wenwen Du
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
Kenji Okazaki
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The indentation behavior of cold-rolled AA6061 Al alloy was investigated. Following the approach suggested by Tabor, indentation stress–indentation strain curves were constructed and analyzed. The indentation stress required to create the same indentation strain increases with an increase in the reduction of thickness, suggesting a strong effect of plastic deformation history on the deformation behavior of materials. Through the dislocation dynamics, the evolution of the dislocations underneath the indentation was correlated with the plastic deformation history and the indentation load. The plastic energy dissipated in indentation was then calculated and found to be proportional to the 3/2 power of the indentation load and the 3/4 power of the average dislocation density underneath the indentation. The ratio of the dissipated plastic energy to the total energy in the indentation was demonstrated to be a function of the deformation state in materials, independent of the indentation load.

Keywords

Mechanical propertiesMicroindentationStress/strain relationship
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 5 , May 2005 , pp. 1172 - 1179
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Saito, Y., Utsunomiya, H., Tsuji, N. and Sakai, T.: Novel ultra-high straining process for bulk materials—Development of the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. Acta Mater. 47, 579 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Heason, C.P. and Prangnell, P.B.: Grain refinement and texture evolution during the deformation of Al to ultra-high strains by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Mater. Sci. Forum 396, 429 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Han, B.Q. and Yue, S.: Processing of ultrafine ferrite steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 136, 100 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Cao, W.Q., Liu, Q., Godfrey, A. and Hansen, N.: Microstructure and texture evolution during annealing of an aluminium ARB material. Mater. Sci. Forum 408, 721 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Lee, S.H., Utsunomiya, H. and Sakai, T.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra low carbon interstitial free steel severely deformed by a multi-stack accumulative roll bonding process. Mater. Trans. 45, 2177 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Park, K.T., Kwon, H.J., Kim, W.J. and Kim, Y.S.: Microstructural characteristics and thermal stability of ultrafine grained 6061 Al alloy fabricated by accumulative roll bonding process. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 316, 145 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Huang, X., Tsuji, N., Hansen, N. and Minamino, Y.: Microstructural evolution during accumulative roll-bonding of commercial purity aluminum. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 340, 265 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Lee, Y.B., Shin, D.H., Park, K.T. and Nam, W.J.: Effect of annealing temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of a 5083 Al alloy deformed at cryogenic temperature. Script. Mater. 51, 355 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Oppel, G.U.: Biaxial elasto-plastic analysis of load and residual stresses (Load and residual stress effects on metal hardness). Exp. Mech. 21, 135 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Eberhardt, A.W., Pandey, R., Williams, J.M., Weimer, J.J., Ila, D. and Zimmerman, R.L.: The roles of residual stress and surface topography on hardness of Ti implanted Ti–6Al–4V. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 229, 147 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Lafontaine, W.R., Paszkiet, C.A., Ma, M.A. Korhonen and Li, C.Y.: Residual-stress measurements of thin aluminum metallizations by continuous indentation and x-ray stress measurement techniques. J. Mater. Res. 6, 2084 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Simes, T.R., Mellor, S.G. and Hills, D.A.: A note on the influence of residual-stress on measured hardness. J. Strain Analysis 19, 135 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Swadener, J.G., Taljat, B. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of residual stress by load and depth-sensing indentation with spherical indenters. J. Mater. Res. 16, 2091 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Yang, F.Q., Peng, L.L. and Okazaki, K.: Micro-indentation of aluminum processed by equal channel angular extrusion. J. Mater. Res. 19, 1243 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Yang, F.Q., Peng, L.L. and Okazaki, K.: Microindentation of aluminum. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 35, 3323 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Hay, J.L., Oliver, W.C., Bolshakov, A. and Pharr, G.M.: Using the ratio of loading slope and elastic stiffness to predict pile-up and constraint factor during indentation, in Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology, edited by Moody, N.R., Gerberich, W.W., Burnham, N., and Baker, S.P. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 522, Warrendale, PA, 1998), p. 101.Google Scholar
17.Dieter, G.E.: Mechanical Metallurgy, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, 1976).Google Scholar
18.Field, J.S. and Swain, M.V.: A simple predictive model for spherical indentation. J. Mater. Res. 8, 297 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Tabor, D.: Hardness of Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1951).Google Scholar
20.Yang, F.Q., Peng, L.L. and Okazaki, K.: Localized deformation of equal channel angular extruded aluminum. Mater. Sci. Forum 475–479, 425 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Bergström, Y.: A dislocation model for the strain-ageing behaviour of steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. 9, 101 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Hasegawa, T., Sakurai, Y. and Okazaki, K.: Grain size effect on thermal recovery during high temperature deformation of aluminum tested at constant true strain rates. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 346, 34 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Metals Handbook, Vol. 2, 10th ed. (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1991), p. 103.Google Scholar
24.Cheng, Y.T. and Cheng, C.M.: Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements. Mater. Sci. Eng. R44, 91 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Hill, R.: The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity (Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1950).Google Scholar
26.Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Van Vliet, K.J., Venkatesh, T.A. and Suresh, S.: Computational modeling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 49, 3899 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Cheng, Y.T., Li, Z. and Cheng, C.M.: Scaling relationships for indentation measurements. Philos. Mag. A82, 1821 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Shorshorov, M.K., Bulychev, S.I. and Alekin, V.P.: Work of plastic and elastic deformation during indenter indentation. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 26, 769 (1981).Google Scholar
29.Malzender, J.: Energy dissipated during spherical indentation. J. Mater. Res. 19, 1605 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar