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Diffusion characteristics study of locally Er-doped noncongruent, Li-deficient Ti:Er:LiNbO3 strip waveguide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2011

De-Long Zhang ,
Bei Chen ,
Ping-Rang Hua ,
Dao-Yin Yu  and
Edwin Y-B. Pun
De-Long Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Bei Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Ping-Rang Hua
Affiliation:
Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Dao-Yin Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Edwin Y-B. Pun
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Locally Er3+-doped noncongruent, Li-deficient Ti:Er:LiNbO3 strip waveguide was fabricated with a technological process in sequence of preparation of Li-deficient LiNbO3 substrate using Li-poor vapor transport equilibration (VTE), Er3+, and Ti4+ diffusion in wet O2. The Li2O content change was evaluated from the measured birefringence. The Ti4+ and Er3+ profile characteristics in the waveguide were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results show that the VTE and subsequent Er3+ diffusion procedures resulted in totally ∼0.8 mol% Li2O content reduction. The Ti4+ profile follows a sum of two error functions in the width direction and a Gaussian function in the depth direction of waveguide. The Er3+ profile follows also a Gaussian function. At 1130 °C, the Ti4+ surface/depth diffusivity and surface concentration are 8.5 ± 1.3/1.98 ± 0.06 μm2/h and ∼7 mol%, respectively, and the Er3+ diffusivity and surface concentration are (12.8 ± 0.3) × 10−2 μm2/h and ∼0.6 mol%, respectively.

Keywords

TiDiffusionEr
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 26 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2011 , pp. 2924 - 2930
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

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