Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:06:45.818Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of structure and electrochemical properties for PANI/TiO2/G and PANI/G composites synthesized by mechanochemical route

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2013

Ruxangul Jamal ,
Weiwei Shao ,
Feng Xu  and
Tursun Abdiryim
Ruxangul Jamal*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People’s Republic of China
Weiwei Shao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People’s Republic of China
Feng Xu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People’s Republic of China
Tursun Abdiryim*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Polyaniline/nano titanium dioxide/graphene nanoplatelet (PANI/TiO2/G) composite was synthesized by mechanochemical route. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performances of the composite were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, cycling stability and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The structure and properties of PANI/TiO2/G composite were compared with that of polyaniline/ graphene nanoplatelet (PANI/G) composite prepared under the same polymerization conditions. After comparative analysis with PANI/G, the effects of the nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the structural and physicochemical properties of the PANI/G have been discussed in depth. The comparison suggested that the PANI/TiO2/G composite has higher oxidation degree and lower crystallinity than PANI/G due to the addition of nano-TiO2. Morphology studies showed that PANI and nano-TiO2 particles were both observed on the bent and flat surfaces of graphene nanoplatelet in the PANI/TiO2/G composite. The electrochemical tests showed that the PANI/TiO2/G composite displayed a higher electrochemical activity with specific capacitance of 516 F/g (3 mA/cm2) and better cycle stability than PANI/G.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 6 , 28 March 2013 , pp. 832 - 839
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Conway, B.E.: Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications (Springer Inc., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, 1999), p. 736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, X.H., Li, L.F., Dong, S.M., Chen, X., Han, P.X., Xu, H.X., Yao, J.H., Shang, C.Q., Liu, Z.H., and Cui, G.L.: A renewable bamboo carbon/polyaniline composite for a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material. J. Solid State Electrochem. 16, 877 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleda-Martínez, M.J., Morallón, E., and Cazorla-Amorós, D.: Polyaniline/porous carbon electrodes by chemical polymerization: Effect of carbon surface chemistry. Electrochim. Acta 52, 4962 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, L., Liu, E., Li, J., Yang, Y., Shen, H., Huang, Z., Xiang, X., and Li, W.: A doped activated carbon prepared from polyaniline for high performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 195, 1516 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Q., Li, J.L., Gao, F., Oli, W.S., Wu, K.Z., and Wang, X.D.: Activated carbon coated with polyaniline as an electrode material in supercapacitors. New Carbon Mater. 23, 275 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, K., Huang, J.Y., and Wei, Z.X.: Conducting polyaniline nanowire arrays for high performance supercapacitors. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 8062 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, H-H., Chang, C-K., Tsai, Y-C., and Liao, C-S.: Electrochemically synthesized graphene/polypyrrole composites and their use in supercapacitor. Carbon 50, 2331 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gnanakan, S.R.P., Rajasekhar, M., and Subramania, A.: Synthesis of polythiophene nanoparticles by surfactant-assisted dilute polymerization method for high performance redox supercapacitors. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 4, 1289 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, H., Chen, H., Luo, S., Lu, G., Wei, W., and Kuang, Y.: The effect of the polyaniline morphology on the performance of polyaniline supercapacitors. J. Solid State Electrochem. 9, 574 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D-W., Li, F., Zhao, J., Ren, W., Chen, Z.G., Tan, J., Wu, Z-S., Gentle, I., Lu, G.Q., and Cheng, H-M.: Fabrication of graphene/polyaniline composite paper via in situ anodic electropolymerization for high-performance flexible electrode. ACS Nano 3, 1745 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H., Hao, Q., Yang, X., Lu, L., and Wang, X.: Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for supercapacitors. Electrochem. Commun. 11, 1158 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, L-Z., Hu, Y-S., Maier, J., Adelhelm, P., Smarsly, B., and Antonietti, M.: High electroactivity of polyaniline in supercapacitors by using a hierarchically porous carbon monolith as a support. Adv. Mater. 17, 3083 (2007).Google Scholar
Du, X., Liu, H-Y., Cai, G., Mai, Y-W., and Baji, A.: Use of facile mechanochemical method to functionalize carbon nanofibers with nanostructured polyaniline and their electrochemical capacitance. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 111 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sivakkumar, S.R., Kim, W.J., Choi, J-A., MacFarlane, D.R., Forsyth, M., and Kim, D-W.: Electrochemical performance of polyaniline nanofibres and polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite as an electrode material for aqueous redox supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 171, 1062 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, G-M., Wang, D-W., Li, F., Zhang, L-L., Weng, Z., and Cheng, H-M.: The effect of carbon particle morphology on the electrochemical properties of nanocarbon/polyaniline composites in supercapacitors. New Carbon Mater. 26, 180 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, Q., Wang, H., Yang, X., Lu, L., and Wang, X.: Morphology-controlled fabrication of sulfonated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites by liquid/liquid interfacial polymerization and investigation of their electrochemical properties. Nano Res. 4, 323 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tung, N.T., Khai, T.V., Jeon, M., Lee, Y.J., Chung, H., Bang, J-H., and Sohn, D.: Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite based on polyaniline and graphene nanosheets. Macromol. Res. 19, 203 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K., Zhang, L.L., Zhao, X.S., and Wu, J.: Graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites as supercapacitor electrodes. Chem. Mater. 22, 1392 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, C-F., Du, X-S., Liu, Z., Ringer, S.P., and Mai, Y-W.: Solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of polyaniline branched nanofibers. Synth. Met. 159, 1302 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posudievsky, O.Y., Goncharuk, O.A., Barillé, R., and Pokhodenko, V.D.: Structure–property relationship in mechanochemically prepared polyaniline. Synth. Met. 160, 462 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdiryim, T., Zhang, X-G., and Jamal, R.: Comparative studies of solid-state synthesized polyaniline doped with inorganic acids. Mater. Chem. Phys. 90, 367 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekri-Abbes, I. and Srasra, E.: Investigation of structure and conductivity properties of polyaniline synthesized by solid–solid reaction. J. Polym. Res. 18, 659 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palaniappan, S.: Chemical and electrochemical polymerization of aniline using tartaric acid. Eur. Polym. J. 37, 975 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhadra, S., Singha, N.K., and Khastgir, D.: Polyaniline by new miniemulsion polymerization and the effect of reducing agent on conductivity. Synth. Met. 156, 1148 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y-F. and Lin, C-W.: Facile synthesis and morphology control of graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization process. Polymer 53, 2574 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, S-T., Ishikawa, Y., Itoh, H., and Feng, Q.: Fabrication and characterization of core/shell structured TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 356, 734 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
He, Y.: A novel emulsion route to sub-micrometer polyaniline/nano-ZnO composite fibers. Appl. Surf. Sci. 249, 1 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaraja, M., Pattar, J., Shashank, N., Manjanna, J., Kamada, Y., Rajanna, K., and Mahesh, H.M.: Electrical, structural and magnetic properties of polyaniline/pTSA-TiO2 nanocomposites. Synth. Met. 159, 718 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Wang, G., Li, X., and Lu, D.: Surface properties of polyaniline/nano-TiO2 composites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 229, 395 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, H. and Wang, Q.: Ultrasonic irradiation: A novel approach to prepare conductive polyaniline/nanocrystalline titanium oxide composites. Chem. Mater. 14, 2158 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katoch, A., Burkhart, M., Hwang, T., and Kim, S-S.: Synthesis of polyaniline/TiO2 hybrid nanoplates via a sol–gel chemical method. Chem. Eng. J. 192, 262 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhadra, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Singha, N.K., and Khastgir, D.: Improvement of conductivity of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 108, 57 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Wang, D., Cheng, G., Luo, Q., An, J., and Wang, Y.: Preparation of polyaniline-modified TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination. Appl. Catal., B 81, 267 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J.X., Moore, J.A., Acquaye, J.H., and Kaner, R.B.: Mechanochemical route to the conducting polymer polyaniline. Macromolecules 38, 317 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdo, S.E., Warford, B.A., and Tito, V.: Electrical and thermal properties of graphite/polyaniline composites. J. Solid State Chem. 196, 309 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhari, H.K. and Kelkar, D.S.: Investigation of structure and electrical conductivity in doped polyaniline. Polym. Int. 42, 380 (1997).3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiou, N.R. and Epstein, A.J.: Polyaniline nanofibers prepared by dilute polymerization. Adv. Mater. 17, 1679 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhakate, S.R., Chauhan, N., Sharma, S., Tawale, J., Singh, S., Sahare, P.D., and Mathur, R.B.: An approach to produce single and double layer graphene from re-exfoliation of expanded graphite. Carbon 49, 1946 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, H., Wang, T., Zhang, S., Song, J., Mao, C., Niu, H., Jin, B., Wu, J., and Tian, Y.: Facile synthesis of polyaniline/TiO2/graphene oxide composite for high performance supercapacitors. Solid State Sci. 14, 677 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y-G., Li, H-Q., and Xia, Y.Y.: Ordered whisker-like polyaniline grown on the surface of mesoporous carbon and its electrochemical capacitance performance. Adv. Mater. 18, 2619 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mi, H.Y., Zhang, X.G., An, S.Y., Ye, X.G., and Yang, S.D.: Microwave-assisted synthesis and electrochemical capacitance of polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 2859 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, X., Dou, H., Yang, S., Hao, L., Zhang, L., Shen, L., Zhang, F., and Zhang, X.: Fabrication and electrochemical capacitance of hierarchical graphene/polyaniline/carbon nanotube ternary composite film. Electrochim. Acta 56, 9224 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhawale, D.S., Vinu, A., and Lokhande, C.D.: Stable nanostructured polyaniline electrode for supercapacitor application. Electrochim. Acta 56, 9482 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, J., Wei, T., Fan, Z., Qian, W., Zhang, M., Shen, X., and Wei, F.: Preparation of graphene nanosheet/carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite as electrode material for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 195, 3041 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mi, H.Y., Zhang, X.G., Ye, X.G., and Yang, S.D.: Preparation and enhanced capacitance of core–shell polypyrrole/polyaniline composite electrode for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 176, 403 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar