Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:22:04.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Emotional intelligence in teams: Development and initial validation of the short version of the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP-S)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

Peter J Jordan
Affiliation:
Centre for Work Organization and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, Australia
Sandra A Lawrence
Affiliation:
Centre for Work Organization and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, Australia

Abstract

Research reveals that emotional intelligence is an important factor in predicting performance in teams. In this article, we initially outline a theoretical model for examining emotional intelligence in teams. Using this model, we test a short version (16 items) of the self-report Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP). Evidence from three studies supports this model. Two samples of 620 and 217 employees support the hypothesized structure of the WEIP-S. Four distinct constructs were derived: Awareness of own emotions; Management of own emotions; Awareness of others' emotions; and Management of others' emotions. The WEIP-Short Version (WEIP-S) scale, therefore, is based on abilities that are vital during the interaction of team members. Data from 99 employees provide evidence of test–retest stability for the WEIP-S across three time periods. Limitations and potential uses in management research for this short-version scale are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, JC and Gerbing, DW (1988) Structural equation modelling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach, Psychological Bulletin 103: 411423.Google Scholar
Aritzeta, A, Swailes, S and Senior, B (2007) The team role self-perception inventory: Development, validity and applications for team building, Journal of Management Studies 44: 96118.Google Scholar
Ashforth, BE and Humphrey, RH (1995) Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal, Human Relations 48: 97125.Google Scholar
Ashkanasy, NM (2003) Emotions in organizations: A multilevel perspective', in Dansereau, F & Yammarino, FJ (Eds) Research in multi-level issues, vol 2: Multi-level issues in organizational behavior and strategy, pp 954, Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Ashkanasy, NM, Hartel, CEJ and Zerbe, WJ (Eds) (2000) Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory and practice Quorum Books, Westport, CT.Google Scholar
Bagozzi, RP and Phillips, LW (1982) Representing and testing organizational theories: A holistic construal, Administrative Science Quarterly, 27: 459489.Google Scholar
Barsade, SG (2002) The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior, Administrative Science Quarterly 47: 644675Google Scholar
Bentler, PM and Wu, EJC (2005) EQS 61 – Structural equation modelling software for windows Multivariate Software Inc, Encino, CA.Google Scholar
Browne, MW and Cudeck, R (1993) Alterative ways of assessing model fit', in Bollen, K A & Long, J S (Eds) Testing structural equation models, pp 136162, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.Google Scholar
Calne, DB (1999) Within reason: Rationality and human behavior, Pantheon Books, New York.Google Scholar
Christie, A, Jordan, PJ, Troth, AC and Lawrence, SA (2007). Testing the links between emotional intelligence and motivation. Journal of Management & Organization 13: 212226.Google Scholar
Cohen, J and Cohen, P (1983) Multiple regression/correlation for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed) Erlbaum, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Cooper, RK and Sawaf, A (1997) Executive EQ, Emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations, Grossett/Putnam, New York.Google Scholar
Damasio, AR (1994) Descartes, error: Emotion, reason and the human brain, Grossett/Putnam, New York.Google Scholar
de Meijer, M (1989) The contribution of general features of body movement to the attribution of emotions, Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 13: 247268.Google Scholar
DeVellis, RF (1991) Scale development: Theory and applications, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.Google Scholar
Donohue, R and Stevensen, L (2006) July The relationship between emotional intelligence and individual advancement and the mediating role of transformational leadership ACREW Conference Tuscany: ItalyGoogle Scholar
Drevets, WC and Raichle, ME (1998) Reciprocal suppression of regional cerebral blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: Implications for interactions between emotion and cognition, Cognition and Emotion 12: 353386.Google Scholar
Druskat, VU and Wolff, SB (2001) Building the emotional intelligence of groups, Harvard Business Review 79: 8091.Google Scholar
Ekman, P (1971) Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion', in Cole, J (Ed ), Nebraska symposium on motivation, pp 207283, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.Google Scholar
Elfenbein, HA, Polzer, JT and Ambady, N (2007) Team emotion recognition accuracy and team performance in Härtel CEJ, Ashkanasy, NM and Zerbe, WJ (Eds) Research on Emotion in Organizations: Functionality, Intentionality and Morality, 3: 87119.Google Scholar
Fitness, J (2000) Anger in the workplace: An emotion script approach to anger episodes between workers and their superiors co-workers and subordinates, Journal of Organizational Behavior 21: 147162Google Scholar
Folkman, S and Lazarus, RS (1988) The relationship between coping and emotion: Implications for theory and research, Social Science and Medicine 26: 309317.Google Scholar
Gardner, H (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences, Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
George, JM (2000) Emotions and leadership: the role of emotional intelligence, Human Relations 53: 10271055.Google Scholar
Goleman, D (1995) Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ, Bantam, New York.Google Scholar
Gosling, SD, Rentfrow, PJ and Swann, WB Jr (2003) A very brief measure of the Big Five personality domains, Journal of Research in Personality 37: 504538.Google Scholar
Guppy, A, Edwards, JA, Brough, P, Peters-Bean, KM, Sale, C and Short, E (2004) The psychometric properties of the short version of the Cybernetic Coping Scale: A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis across four samples, Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 77: 3962.Google Scholar
Hu, L & Bentler, PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling 6: 155.Google Scholar
Izard, CE, Wehmer, CM, Livsey, W and Jennings, IR (1965) Affect awareness and performance in Tomkins, SS & Izard, CE (Eds) Affect, cognition and personality pp 241, Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Jehn, KA and Mannix, EA (2001) The dynamic nature of conflict: a longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance, Academy of Management Journal 44: 238251.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ (2007) Emotional intelligence at work: A review of research. In Glendon, IMyors, B & Thompson, B (Eds), Advances in organisational psychology: An Asia-Pacific perspective. pp. 355370, Australian Academic Press, Brisbane, Australia.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ and Ashkanasy, NM (2006) Emotional intelligence, emotional self-awareness and team effectiveness', in Druskat, VUSala, F & Mount, GJ (Eds) Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work pp 145164, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ, Ashkanasy, NM, Hartel, CEJ and Hooper, GS (2002) Workgroup emotional intelligence: Scale development and relationship to team process effectiveness and goal focus, Human Resource Management Review 12: 195214.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ, Ashton-James, CE and Ashkanasy, NM (2006) Evaluating the claims in Murphy, K R (Ed) A Critique of emotional intelligence: What are the problems and how can they be fixed?, pp 189210, Erlbaum, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ, Lawrence, SA and Troth, AC (2006) The impact of negative mood on team performance, Journal of Management & Organization 12: 131145.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ and Troth, AC (2004) Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution, Human Performance 17: 195218.Google Scholar
Jordan, PJ and Troth, AC (2006) Emotions and coping with conflict: An Introduction, Journal of Management & Organization 12(2): 98100.Google Scholar
Kellett, JB, Humphrey, RH and Sleeth, RG (2006) Empathy and the emergence of task and relations leaders, The Leadership Quarterly 17: 146162.Google Scholar
Kelly, JR and Barsade, SG (2001) Mood and emotions in small groups and work teams, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86: 99130.Google Scholar
Kline, RB (1998) Principals and practice of structural equation modelling, The Guilford Press, New York.Google Scholar
Lane, RD, Reiman, EM, Axelrod, B, Yun, LS, Holmes, A and Schwartz, GE (1998) Neural correlates of levels of emotional awareness: Evidence of an interaction between emotion and attention in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10: 525535.Google Scholar
Law, KS, Wong, CS and Song, LJ (2004) The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies, Journal of Applied Psychology 89: 483496.Google Scholar
Mathieu, JE and Farr, JL (1991) Further evidence for the discriminant validity of measures of organizational commitment, job involvement and job satisfaction, Journal of Applied Psychology 76: 127134.Google Scholar
Mayer, JD, Caruso, DR and Salovey, P (2001) Selecting a measure of emotional intelligence: The case for ability scales, in Bar-On, R and Parker, JDA (Eds), The handbook of emotional intelligence: Theory, development, assessment and application at home, school and in the workplace, pp 320342, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Mayer, J and Salovey, P (1997) What is emotional intelligence? in Salovey, P and Sluyter, D (Eds) Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators pp 331, Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Mayer, JD, Salovey, P and Caruso, DR (2000) Competing models of emotional intelligence, in Sternberg, R (Ed) Handbook of intelligence pp 396420, Cambridge, New York.Google Scholar
Mischel, W and DeSmet, AL (2000) Self-regulation in the service of conflict resolution in Deutsch, M & Coleman, PT (Eds) The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice, pp 256275, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Mischel, W and Shoda, Y (1998) Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions, Annual Review of Psychology 49: 229258.Google Scholar
Mooney, AC, Holahan, PJ and Amason, AC (2007) Don't take it personally: Exploring cognitive conflict as a mediator of affective conflict, Journal of Management Studies 44: 733758.Google Scholar
Moriarty, P and Buckley, F (2003) Increasing team emotional intelligence through process, Journal of European Industrial Training 27: 98110.Google Scholar
Morrell, K (2004) Decision-making and business ethics: The implications of using image theory in preference to rational choice, Journal of Business Ethics 50: 239252.Google Scholar
Mumby, DK and Putnam, LA (1992) The politics of emotion: A feminist reading of bounded rationality, Academy of Management Review 17: 465486.Google Scholar
Ortony, A, Clore, GL and Collins, A (1988) The cognitive structure of emotions, Cambridge University Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Pelled, LH, Eisenhardt, KM and Xin, KR (1999) Exploring the black box: an analysis of work group diversity conflict and performance, Administrative Science Quarterly 44: 128.Google Scholar
Pennebaker, JW and Francis, ME (1996) Cognitive: emotional: and language processes in disclosure, Cognition and Emotion 10: 601626.Google Scholar
Periatt, JALeMay, SA & Chakrabarty, S (2004) The selling orientation-customer orientation (SOCO) scale: Cross-validation of the revised version, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management 24: 4954.Google Scholar
Rammstedt, B and John, OP (2007) Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German, Journal of Research in Personality 41: 203212.Google Scholar
Roberts, RD, Zeidner, M and Matthews, G (2001) Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions, Emotion 1: 196231.Google Scholar
Schutte, NS, Malouff, JM, Hall, LE, Haggerty, DJ, Cooper, JT, Golden, CJ and Dornheim, L (1998) Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence, Personality and Individual Differences 25: 167177.Google Scholar
Silvia, PJ (2002) Self-awareness and emotional intensity, Cognition and Emotion 16: 195216.Google Scholar
Sosik, JJ and Megerian, LE (1999) Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: The role of self-other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions, Group and Organization Management 24: 367390.Google Scholar
Sue-Chan, C and Latham, GP (2004) The situational interview as a predictor of academic and team performance: A study of the mediating effects of cognitive ability and emotional intelligence, International Journal of Selection and Assessment 12: 312320.Google Scholar
Tannenbaum, SI, Beard, RL and Salas, E (1992) Team building and its influence on team effectiveness: An examination of conceptual and empirical developments, in Kelley, K. (Ed) Issues, theory and research in industrial/organizational psychology, pp 117153, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Van Dyne, L, Ang, S and Botero, IC (2003) Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs, Journal of Management Studies 40: 13591392.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, DL and Viswesvaran, C (2004) Emotional intelligence: A meta-analytic investigation of predictive validity and nomological net, Journal of Vocational Behavior 65: 7195.Google Scholar
Watson, D, Clark, LA and Tellegan, A (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54: 10631070.Google Scholar
Weiss, H and Cropanzano, R (1996) Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work, Research in Organizational Behavior 18: 174.Google Scholar
Wolff, SB, Pescosolido, AT and Druskat, VU (2002) Emotional intelligence as the basis of leadership emergence in self-managing teams, Leadership Quarterly 13: 505522.Google Scholar