Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:11:46.437Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration: A mediation model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2015

Ignacio Castro*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Administración de Empresas and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
José L Roldán
Affiliation:
Departamento de Administración de Empresas and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Francisco J Acedo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Administración de Empresas and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Our paper contributes to progress on the conceptualization and the operationalization of the alliance portfolio configuration. A variance-based structural equation modeling (partial least squares) has been applied to a sample made up of top global contractors. Previous works on alliance portfolio have analyzed the dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration independently and therefore, the interrelationships between them have not been studied. Results from the data analysis show that the dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration are interrelated in such a way that the relational and the partner alliance portfolio dimensions (a) fully mediate the effect of structural alliance portfolio on the value of the alliance portfolio capital; and (b) this capital exerts significant and positive influences on the growth of the international market share.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahadzi, M., & Bowles, G. (2004). Public-private partnerships and contract negotiations: An empirical study. Construction Management & Economics, 22(9), 967978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahuja, G. (2000a). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3), 425455.Google Scholar
Ahuja, G. (2000b). The duality of collaboration: Inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 317343.3.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahuja, G., Soda, G., & Zaheer, A. (2012). Introduction to the special issue: The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks. Organization Science, 23(2), 434448.Google Scholar
Akintoye, A., & Main, J. (2007). Collaborative relationships in construction: The UK contractors’ perception. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 14(6), 597617.Google Scholar
Anand, B. N., & Khanna, T. (2000). Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 295315.Google Scholar
Bae, J., & Gargiulo, M. (2004). Partner substitutability, alliance network structure, and firm profitability in the telecommunications industry. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 843859.Google Scholar
Bamford, J., & Ernst, D. (2002). Managing an alliance portfolio. The McKinsey Quarterly, 3, 2839.Google Scholar
Batjargal, B. (2003). Social capital and entrepreneurial performance in Russia: A longitudinal study. Organization Studies, 24(4), 535556.Google Scholar
Baum, J. A. C., Calabrese, T., & Silverman, B. S. (2000). Don’t go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups’ performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 267294.Google Scholar
Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity: A primitive theory of social structure. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for windows: Software for social network analysis. Analytic Technologies: Natick.Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. P., & Li, X. (2009). On social network analysis in a supply chain context. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 522.Google Scholar
Bresnen, M., & Marshall, N. (2000). Partnering in construction: A critical review of issues, problems and dilemmas. Construction Management & Economics, 18(2), 229237.Google Scholar
Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E., & Wilkinson, T. J. (1995). Strategic alliances: Choose your partners. Long Range Planning, 28(3), 1825.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Beverly Hills and London: Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Casanueva, C., Gallego, Á., & Sancho, M. (2013). Network resources and social capital in airline alliance portfolios. Tourism Management, 36, 441453.Google Scholar
Castro, I., Casanueva, C., & Galán, J. L. (2014). Dynamic evolution of alliance portfolios. European Management Journal, 32, 423433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro, I., & Roldán, J. L. (2013). A mediation model between dimensions of social capital. International Business Review, 22, 10341050.Google Scholar
Chang, S., & Wang, C. (2007). The effect of product diversification strategies on the relationship between international diversification and firm performance. Journal of World Business, 42(1), 6179.Google Scholar
Chen, A. (2009). Corporate governance in Russia and some points of comparison with China. Chinese Economy, 42(3), 4159.Google Scholar
Chen, C., & Messner, J. I. (2009). Entry mode taxonomy for international construction markets. Journal of Management in Engineering, 25(1), 311.Google Scholar
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655690). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95S120.Google Scholar
Combs, C. F., Yasin, M. M., & Lisboa, J. V. (2007). The dimensionality and utilization of performance measures in a manufacturing operational context: Organizational change implications. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14(4), 286306.Google Scholar
Crespin-Mazet, F., & Ghauri, P. (2007). Co-development as a marketing strategy in the construction industry. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(2), 158172.Google Scholar
Depperu, D., & Cerrato, D. (2005). Analyzing international competitiveness at the firm level: Concepts and measures, Working Paper No. 32.Google Scholar
Duysters, G., de Man, A., & Wildman, L. (1999). A network approach to alliance management. European Management Journal, 17(2), 182187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660679.Google Scholar
Dyer, J. H., Singh, H., & Kale, P. (2008). Splitting the pie: Rent distribution in alliances and networks. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(2–3), 137148.Google Scholar
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Schoonhoven, C. B. (1996). Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 7(2), 136150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Akron, OH: University of Akron.Google Scholar
Fombrun, C., & Shanley, M. (1990). What’s in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 233258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 3950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gefen, D., Straub, D., & Boudreau, M. (2000). Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 7(7), 178.Google Scholar
Gefen, D., Rigdon, E. E., & Straub, D. (2011). An updated and extension to SEM guidelines for administrative and social science research. MIS Quarterly, 35, iiixiv.Google Scholar
Gnyawali, D. R., & Madhavan, R. (2001). Cooperative networks and competitive dynamics: A structural embeddedness perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 431445.Google Scholar
Goerzen, A., & Beamish, P. W. (2005). The effect of alliance network diversity on multinational enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 26(4), 333354.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481510.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. (1992). Problems of explanation in economic sociology. In N. Nohria, & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 2556). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
Grant, R. M., & Baden-Fuller, C. (2004). A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management Studies, 41(1), 6184.Google Scholar
Gulati, R. (1995a). Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(4), 619652.Google Scholar
Gulati, R. (1995b). Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 85112.Google Scholar
Gulati, R. (1998). Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 293317.Google Scholar
Gulati, R., & Gargiulo, M. (1999). Where do interorganizational networks come from? The American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 14391493.Google Scholar
Gulati, R., & Higgins, M. C. (2003). Which ties matter when? The contingent effects of interorganizational partnerships on IPO success. Strategic Management Journal, 24(2), 127144.Google Scholar
Gulati, R., Lavie, D., & Singh, H. (2009). The nature of partnering experience and the gains from alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 30(11), 12131233.Google Scholar
Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203215.Google Scholar
Hagedoorn, J., & Schakenraad, J. (1994). The effect of strategic technology alliances on company performance. Strategic Management Journal, 15(4), 291309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Hakansson, H., & Ford, D. (2002). How should companies interact in business networks? Journal of Business Research, 55(2), 133139.Google Scholar
Hakansson, H., & Snehota, I. (1995). Developing relationships in business networks. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California. Retrieved fromHttp://Faculty.Ucr.Edu/Hanneman/. Google Scholar
Harrison, D., & Klein, K. (2007). What’s the difference? Diversity construct as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review 32(4), 11991228.Google Scholar
Hatani, F., & McGaughey, S. L. (2012). Network cohesion in global expansion: An evolutionary view. Journal of World Business, 48(4), 455465.Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408420.Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. In E. P. Bucy, & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), pp 434465. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Heimeriks, K. H., & Duysters, G. (2007). Alliance capability as a mediator between experience and alliance performance: An empirical investigation into the alliance capability development process. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 2549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277320.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, W. H. (2005). How to manage a portfolio of alliances. Long Range Planning, 38(2), 121143.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, W. H. (2007). Strategies for managing a portfolio of alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 28(8), 827856.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related value. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hoskisson, R. E., Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Harrison, J. S. (2008). Competitive for advantage. USA: Thomson South-Western.Google Scholar
Houghton, S. M., Smith, A. D., & Hood, J. N. (2009). The influence of social capital on strategic choice: An examination of the effects of external and internal network relationships on strategic complexity. Journal of Business Research, 62(12), 12551261.Google Scholar
Hsieh, M., & Tsai, K. (2007). Technological capability, social capital and the launch strategy for innovative products. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(4), 493502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146165.Google Scholar
Jarvis, C. B., Mackenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M., (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199218.Google Scholar
Jiang, R. J., Tao, Q. T., & Santoro, M. D. (2010). Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 31(10), 11361144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kale, P., Dyer, J., & Singh, H. (2001). Value creation and success in strategic alliances: Alliancing skills and the role of alliance structure and systems. European Management Journal, 19(5), 463471.Google Scholar
Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success: The role of the alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 747767.Google Scholar
Kale, P., & Singh, H. (2009). Managing strategic alliances: What do we know now, and where do we go from here? Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 4562.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, J., & O’Neill, H. (2007). Do culturally distant partners choose different types of joint ventures? Journal of World Business, 42(4), 435448.Google Scholar
Kenny, B., & Fahy, J. (2011). Network resources and international performance of high tech SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 18(3), 529555.Google Scholar
Knoke, D., & Yang, S. (2008). Social network analysis. London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Kogut, B., & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3), 411432.Google Scholar
Koka, B. R., & Prescott, J. E. (2002). Strategic alliances as social capital: A multidimensional view. Strategic Management Journal, 23(9), 795816.Google Scholar
Koka, B. R., & Prescott, J. E. (2008). Designing alliance networks: The influence of network position, environmental change, and strategy on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 639661.Google Scholar
Kumar, R., & Andersen, P. H. (2000). Inter firm diversity and the management of meaning in international strategic alliances. International Business Review, 9(2), 237252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahiri, N., & Narayanan, S. (2013). Vertical integration, innovation, and alliance portfolio size: Implications for firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 34(9), 10421064.Google Scholar
Lai, J., Chang, S., & Chen, S. (2010). Is experience valuable in international strategic alliances? Journal of International Management, 16(3), 247261.Google Scholar
Laumann, E. O., Marsden, P. V., & Prensky, D. (1983). The boundary-specification problem in network analysis. In R. S. Burt, & M. Minor (Eds.), Applied network analysis (pp. 1834). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lavie, D. (2007). Alliance portfolios and firm performance: A study of value creation and appropriation in the U.S. software industry. Strategic Management Journal, 28(12), 11871212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavie, D., & Miller, S. R. (2008). Alliance portfolio internationalization and firm performance. Organization Science, 19(4), 623646.Google Scholar
Leiblein, M. J., & Reuer, J. J. (2004). Building a foreign sales base: The roles of capabilities and alliances for entrepreneurial firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 285307.Google Scholar
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 2851.Google Scholar
Lorenzoni, G., & Lipparini, A. (1999). The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability: A longitudinal study. Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 317338.Google Scholar
Luo, X., & Deng, L. (2009). Do birds of a feather flock higher? The effects of partner similarity on innovation in strategic alliances in knowledge-intensive industries. The Journal of Management Studies, 46(6), 10051030.Google Scholar
Nielsen, B., & Nielsen, S. (2009). Learning and innovation in international strategic alliances: An empirical test of the role of trust and tacitness. The Journal of Management Studies, 46(6), 10311056.Google Scholar
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Ozcan, P., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2009). Origin of alliance portfolios: Entrepreneurs, network strategies, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(2), 246279.Google Scholar
Parise, S., & Casher, A. (2003). Alliance portfolios: Designing and managing your network of business-partner relationships. The Academy of Management Executive, 17(4), 2539.Google Scholar
Park, S. H., Chen, R., & Gallagher, S. (2002). Firm resources as moderators of the relationship between market growth and strategic alliances in semiconductor start-UPS. Academy of Management Journal, 45(3), 527545.Google Scholar
Parkhe, A. (1993). Strategic alliance structuring: A game theoretic and transaction cost examination of interfirm cooperation. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4), 794829.Google Scholar
Parmigiani, A., & Rivera-Santos, M. (2011). Clearing a path through the forest: A meta-review of interorganizational relationships. Journal of Management, 37(4), 11081136.Google Scholar
Petter, S., Straub, D., & Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623656.Google Scholar
Phelps, C. (2010). A longitudinal study of the influence of alliance network structure and composition on firm exploratory innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 53(4), 890913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, C., Heidl, R., & Wadhwa, A. (2012). Knowledge, networks, and knowledge networks: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 11151166.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, N. P., Shen, W., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2006). The role of formative measurement models in strategic management research: Review, critique and implications for future research. In D. Ketchen, & D. Bergh (Eds.), pp. 197252. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Polites, G. L., Roberts, N., & Thatcher, J. (2012). Conceptualizing models using multidimensional constructs: A review and guidelines for their use. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(1), 2248.Google Scholar
Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116145.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879891.Google Scholar
Pryke, S. D., Zagkli, G., & Kougia, I. (2011). Resource provision ego-networks in small Greek construction firms. Building Research and Information, 39(6), 616636.Google Scholar
Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 332344.Google Scholar
Rice, J., Liao, T., Martin, N., & Galvin, P. (2012). The role of strategic alliances in complementing firm capabilities. Journal of Management and Organization, 18(6), 858869.Google Scholar
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (beta). University of Hamburg: Hamburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Rivera-Santos, M., & Inkpen, A. C. (2009). Joint ventures and alliances. In M. Kotabe, & K. Helsen (Eds.), The sage handbook of international marketing (pp. 198217). London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Roberts, N., & Thatcher, J. (2009). Conceptualizing and testing formative constructs: Tutorial and annotated example. Database for Advances in Information Systems, 40(3), 939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roldán, J. L., & Sánchez-Franco, M. J. (2012). Variance-based structural equation modeling: Guidelines for using partial least squares in information systems research. In M. Mora, O. Gelman, A. Steenkamp, & M. Raisinghani (Eds.), Research methodologies in engineering of software systems and information systems: Philosophies, methods and innovations (pp. 193221). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.Google Scholar
Rost, K. (2011). The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation. Research Policy, 40(4), 588604.Google Scholar
Rowley, T., Behrens, D., & Krackhardt, D. (2000). Redundant governance structures: An analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 369386.Google Scholar
Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (2004). A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 318.Google Scholar
Sapsed, J., Grantham, A., & DeFillippi, R. (2007). A bridge over troubled waters: Bridging organisations and entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging sectors. Research Policy, 36(9), 13141334.Google Scholar
Sarkar, M. B., Aulakh, P. H., & Madhok, A. (2009). Process capabilities and value generation in alliance portfolios. Organization Science, 20(3), 583600.Google Scholar
Sarkar, M. B., Aulakh, P. S., & Cavusgil, S. T. (1998). The strategic role of relational bonding in interorganizational collaborations: An empirical study of the global construction industry. Journal of International Management, 4(2), 85107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schilke, O., & Goerzen, A. (2010). Alliance management capability: An investigation of the construct and its measurement. Journal of Management, 36(5), 11921219.Google Scholar
Shipilov, A. V. (2006). Network strategies and performance of Canadian investment banks. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 590604.Google Scholar
Soda, G. (2011). The management of firms’ alliance network positioning: Implications for innovation. European Management Journal, 29(5), 377388.Google Scholar
Soda, G., Usai, A., & Zaheer, A. (2004). Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 893906.Google Scholar
Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., & Piovoso, M. J. (2009). Silver bullet or voodoo statistics? A primer for using the partial least squares data analytic technique in group and organization research. Group & Organization Management, 34(1), 536.Google Scholar
Straub, D., Boudreau, M. C., & Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13, 380426.Google Scholar
Stuart, T. E. (2000). Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 791811.Google Scholar
Swoboda, B., Meierer, M., Foscht, T., & Morschett, D. (2011). International SME alliances: The impact of alliance building and configurational fit on success. Long Range Planning, 44(4), 271288.Google Scholar
Theingi, Purchase, S., & Phungphol, Y. (2008). Social capital in Southeast Asian business relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(5), 523530.Google Scholar
Tihanyi, L., Griffith, D. A., & Russell, C. J. (2005). The effect of cultural distance on entry mode choice, international diversification, and MNE performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 270283.Google Scholar
Tiwana, A. (2008). Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity. Strategic Management Journal, 29(3), 251272.Google Scholar
Tolbert, P. S., Salancik, G. R., Krackhardt, D., & Andrews, S. B. (1995). Review essay – wanted: A good network theory of organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 345349.Google Scholar
Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464476.Google Scholar
Vanhaverbeke, W., Gilsing, V., Beerkens, B., & Duysters, G. (2009). The role of alliance network redundancy in the creation of core and non-core technologies. Journal of Management Studies, 46(2), 215244.Google Scholar
Vapola, T. J., Paukku, M., & Gabrielsson, M. (2010). Portfolio management of strategic alliances: An international business perspective. International Business Review, 19(3), 247260.Google Scholar
Vasudeva, G., & Anand, J. (2011). Unpacking absorptive capacity: A study of knowledge utilization from alliance portfolios. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 611623.Google Scholar
Walker, G., Kogut, B., & Shan, W. (1997). Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network. Organization Science, 8(2), 109125.Google Scholar
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis. Methods and applications. Cambridge (R.U.). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wassmer, U. (2010). Alliance portfolios: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 36(1), 141171.Google Scholar
Wassmer, U., & Dussauge, P. (2011). Value creation in alliance portfolios: The benefits and costs of network resource interdependencies. European Management Review, 8(1), 4764.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1981). The economics of organization: The transaction cost approach. American Journal of Sociology, 87(3), 548577.Google Scholar
Woodcock, C. P., Beamish, P. W., & Makino, S. (1994). Ownership-based entry mode strategies and international performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(2), 253273.Google Scholar
Wu, W. (2008). Dimensions of social capital and firm competitiveness improvement: The mediating role of information sharing. The Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 122146.Google Scholar
Wuyts, S., & Dutta, S. (2014). Benefiting from alliance portfolio diversity: The role of past internal knowledge creation strategy. Journal of Management, 40(6), 16531674.Google Scholar
Yip, G. S., Rugman, A. M., & Kudina, A. (2006). International success of British companies. Long Range Planning, 39(3), 241264.Google Scholar
Zaheer, S. (1995). Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 341363.Google Scholar
Zhou, L., Wu, W., & Luo, X. (2007). Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673690.Google Scholar