Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T14:18:48.272Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Uncertainty management strategies and the export performance of cultural goods: The case of the Korean movie industry from 2000 to 2004

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2014

Sunhyuk Kim*
Affiliation:
College of Economics & Business, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Uncertainty, which is an inherent characteristic of cultural industry in the sense that no one can accurately predict the success or failure of cultural goods, increases greatly when organizations export cultural goods overseas. Then, when exporting cultural goods, how can organizations manage the risks of uncertainty to improve their export performance? Focusing on the case of the Korean movie industry, this study shows that strategies such as market signaling, generalist strategy and vertical integration can contribute to improving the export performance of movies, and thereby help organizations effectively manage the risks of uncertainty arising from the export of movies. For the analysis, this study uses the data of all Korean movies released from 2000 to 2004, and analyzes them on the basis of negative binominal regression. The findings of this study help us understand what strategies are needed for organizations in cultural industry to manage the risks of uncertainty arising from the export of cultural goods.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for lemons: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488500.Google Scholar
Albert, S. (1998). Movie stars and the distribution of financially successful films in the motion picture industry. Journal of Cultural Economics, 22(4), 249270.Google Scholar
Alexander, V. D. (1996). Pictures at an exhibition: Conflicting pressures in museums and the display of art. American Journal of Sociology, 101(4), 797839.Google Scholar
Bergemann, D., Välimäki, J. (2006). Dynamic pricing of new experience goods. Journal of Political Economy, 114(4), 713743.Google Scholar
Bergh, D. D., Lawless, M. W. (1998). Portfolio restructuring and limits to hierarchical governance: The effects of environmental uncertainty and diversification strategy. Organization Science, 9(1), 87102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, A. B., Jenson, J. B. (2004). Why some firms export. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86, 561569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bielby, W. T., Bielby, D. D. (1994). “All hits are flukes”: Institutionalized decision making and the rhetoric of network prime-time program development. American Journal of Sociology, 99(5), 12871313.Google Scholar
Blackstone, E., Bowman, G. (1999). Vertical integration in motion pictures. Journal of Communication, 49, 123139.Google Scholar
Brannen, M. Y. (2004). When Mickey loses face: Recontextualization semantic fit and the semiotics of foreignness. Academy of Management Review, 29(4), 593616.Google Scholar
Burns, T., Stalker, G. M. (1961). The management of innovation. Tavistock, London: Quadrangle Books.Google Scholar
Camerer, C. (1988). Gifts as economic signals and social symbols. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 180214.Google Scholar
Carroll, G. R. (1985). Concentration and specialization: Dynamics of niche width in populations of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 90, 12621283.Google Scholar
Caves, R. E. (2000). Creative industries: Contracts between art and commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Choi, Y. (2007). Vertical integration and screening period in Korean film industry. Review of International Business Management, 11(1), 7388 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Cyert, R. M., March, J. G. (1963). A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
D'Aveni, R. A., Illinich, A. Y. (1992). Complex patterns of vertical integration in the forest products industry: Systematic and bankruptcy risks. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), 596625.Google Scholar
Dean, D. L., Menguc, B., Myers, C. P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: A survey of the literature and an investigation of New Zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 461477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vany, A., Walls, D. (1999). Uncertainty in the movies: Can star power reduce the terror of the box office? Journal of Cultural Economics, 23(November), 285318.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, P. J., Powell, W. W. (1983). Iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Journal of Sociology, 48, 147160.Google Scholar
Dobrev, S. D., Kim, T. (2006). Positioning among organizations in a population: Moves between market segments and the evolution of industry structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 230261.Google Scholar
Elberse, A., Eliashberg, J. (2003). Demand and supply dynamics for sequentially released products in international markets: The case of motion pictures. Marketing Science, 22(3), 329354.Google Scholar
Elenkov, D. S. (1997). Strategic uncertainty and environmental scanning: The case for institutional influences on scanning behavior. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 287302.Google Scholar
Fan, J. P. H. (2000). Price uncertainty and vertical integration: An examination of petrochemical firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 6(4), 345376.Google Scholar
Faulkner, R. R., Anderson, A. B. (1987). Short-term projects and emergent careers: Evidence from Hollywood. American Journal of Sociology, 92(4), 879909.Google Scholar
Fombrun, C., Shanley, M. (1990). What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 233258.Google Scholar
Freeman, J., Hannan, M. T. (1983). Niche width and the dynamics of organizational populations. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 11161145.Google Scholar
Fu, W. W. (2006). Concentration and homogenization of international movie sources: Examining foreign film import profiles. Journal of Communication, 56, 813835.Google Scholar
Fu, W. W. (2009). Screen survival of movies at competitive theaters: Vertical and horizontal integration in a spatially differentiated market. Journal of Media Economics, 22(2), 5980.Google Scholar
Gil, R. (2009). Revenue sharing distortions and vertical integration in the movie industry. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 25(2), 579610.Google Scholar
Greenfeld, L. (1988). Professional ideologies and patterns of “gatekeeping”: Evaluation and judgement within two art worlds. Social Forces, 66(4), 903925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannan, M. T., Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., Pólos, L., Carroll, G. R. (2007). Logics of organization theory: Audiences, codes, and ecologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hanson, G., Xiang, C. (2011). Trade barriers and trade flows with product heterogeneity: An application to US motion picture exports. Journal of International Economics, 83(1), 1426.Google Scholar
Harrigan, K. R. (1985). Vertical integration and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 397425.Google Scholar
Hausman, J., Hall, B. H., Griliches, Z. (1984). Econometric models for count data with an application to the patents-R&D relationship. Econometrica, 52, 909938.Google Scholar
Heil, O., Robertson, T. S. (1991). Toward a theory of competitive market signaling: A research agenda. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 403418.Google Scholar
Helfat, C., Teece, D. J. (1987). Vertical integration and risk reduction. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations, 3, 4767.Google Scholar
Hirsch, P. (1972). Processing fads and fashions: An organization-set analysis of cultural industry systems. American Journal of Sociology, 77, 639659.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1983). Dimensions of national cultures in fifty countries and three regions. In J. B. Deregowski, R. C. Annis, & S. Dziurawiec (Eds.), Expiscations in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 335355). London: Garland Science.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Holmstrom, B. (1979). Moral hazard and observability. Bell Journal of Economics, 10, 7491.Google Scholar
Hoskins, C., McFadyen, S., Finn, A. (1997). Global television and film: An introduction to the economics of the business. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Hsu, G. (2006). Jack of all trades and masters of none: Audiences’ reactions to spanning genres in feature film production. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 420450.Google Scholar
Hsu, G., Negro, G., Perretti, F. (2012). Hybrids in Hollywood: A study of genre spanning in the U.S. film industry. Industrial and Corporate Change, 21(6), 14271450.Google Scholar
Hubbard, D. (2007). How to measure anything: Finding the value of intangibles in business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Jayakar, K. P., Waterman, D. (2000). The economics of American theatrical movie exports: An empirical analysis. Journal of Media Economics, 13(3), 153169.Google Scholar
Jwa, S., Lee, T. (2006). Structural change and development of the Korean movie industry: Vertical integration and its implications. Seoul: Korea Economic Research Institute, (in Korean).Google Scholar
Korean Film Council ( KOFIC) (2006). Research report: The current situation of Hallyu. Seoul: KOFIC.Google Scholar
Korean Film Council ( KOFIC) (2010). Annual report of Korean film industry. Seoul: KOFIC.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. (1989). Exchange rate instability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kwak, J., Zhang, L. (2011). Does China love Hollywood? An empirical study on the determinants of the box-office performance of the foreign films in China. International Area Studies Review, 14(2), 115140.Google Scholar
Lampel, J., Lant, T., Shamise, J. (2000). Balancing act: Learning from organizing practices in cultural industries. Organization Science, 11(3), 263269.Google Scholar
Lampel, J., Shamise, J. (2003). Capabilities in motion: New organizational forms and the reshaping of the Hollywood movie industry. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 21892210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, P. R., Lorsch, J. W. (1967). Differentiation and integration in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 147.Google Scholar
Lee, K., Choe, B., Jeong, J. (2009). The economics behind free tickets in Korean movie industry. The Journal of the Korean Economy, 10(1), 2954.Google Scholar
Lee, S., Kim, E., Jun, S. (2009). On the exportability of Korean Movies. Review of Development Economics, 13(1), 2838.Google Scholar
Long, J. S. (1997). Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lindsay, W. M., Rue, L. W. (1980). Impact of the organization environment on the long-range planning process: A contingency view. Academy of Management Journal, 3, 385404.Google Scholar
March, J. G., Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Marvasti, A., Canterbery, E. R. (2005). Cultural and other barriers to motion pictures trade. Economic Inquiry, 43(1), 3954.Google Scholar
Mascarenhas, B. (1982). Coping with uncertainty in international business. Journal of International Business Studies, 13(2), 8798.Google Scholar
McQuail, D. (1985). Sociology of mass communication. Annual Review of Sociology, 11, 93111.Google Scholar
Mezias, J. M., Mezias, S. J. (2000). Resource partitioning, the founding of specialist firms, and innovation: The American feature film industry, 1912–1929. Organization Science, 11(3), 306322.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Shamise, J. (1996). The resource-based view of the firm in two environments. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 519543.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Shamise, J. (1999). Strategic responses to three kinds of uncertainty: Product line simplicity at the Hollywood film studios. Journal of Management, 25(1), 97116.Google Scholar
Milliken, F. J. (1987). Three types of perceived uncertainty about environment. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 133143.Google Scholar
Moore, M. C. (1992). Signals and choices in a competitive interaction: The role of moves and messages. Management Science, 38(4), 483500.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Rauch, J. E., Trindade, V. (2009). Neckties in the tropics: A model of international trade and cultural diversity. Canadian Journal of Economics, 42(3), 809843.Google Scholar
Rindfleisch, A., Heide, J. B. (1997). Transaction cost economics: Past, present, and future applications. Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 3054.Google Scholar
Sanchez, R. (1995). Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 135159.Google Scholar
Sanchez, R. (1997). Preparing for an uncertain future: Managing organizations for strategic flexibility. International Studies of Management & Organization, 27(2), 7194.Google Scholar
Sawhney, M. S., Eliashberg, J. (1996). A parsimonious model for forecasting gross box-office revenues of motion pictures. Marketing Science, 15(2), 113131.Google Scholar
Sawyerr, O. O. (1983). Environmental uncertainty and environmental scanning activities of Nigerian manufacturing executives: A comparative analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 14(4), 287299.Google Scholar
Seagrave, K. (1997). American films abroad: Hollywood's domination of the world's movie screens from the 1890s to the present. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C. (1983). Optimal pricing of experience goods. Bell Journal of Economics, 14(Autumn), 497507.Google Scholar
Shelanski, H. A., Klein, P. G. (1995). Empirical research in transaction cost economics: A review and assessment. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 11(2), 335361.Google Scholar
Sousa, C. M. P., Bradley, F. (2009). Effects of export assistance and distributor support on the performance of SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 27(6), 681701.Google Scholar
Spence, A. M. (1973). Job market signaling. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355374.Google Scholar
Steinert, H. (1998). Culture industry. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, K. M., Zaheer, A. (1998). Uncertainty in the transaction environment: An empirical test. Strategic Management Journal, 19(1), 123.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in action. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Tversky, A., Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 11251131.Google Scholar
UNESCO. (1982). Cultural industries. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Van Gelder, L. (1996). Worldwide echoes of independents’ Oscar joy. New York Times, March 26.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C., Davis, J. R. (1989). International market entry and development: Strategies and management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Young-Ybarra, C., Wiersema, M. (1999). Strategic flexibility in information technology alliances: The influence of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory. Organization Science, 10(4), 439459.Google Scholar
Zaheer, S. (1995). Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management Journal, 18, 439464.Google Scholar
Zaheer, S. (2002). The liability of foreignness, redux: A commentary. Journal of International Management, 8, 351358.Google Scholar