Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:37:36.495Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Double ranks in a phonological hierarchy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Paul Tench
Affiliation:
Department of English, UWIST, Cardiff

Extract

This paper is an attempt to apply to the phonological hierarchy in particular views expressed recently by Pike (Pike, 1972) on the nature of linguistic hierarchies in general. In a paper presented to the 11th International Congress for Linguistics, Bologna, 1972, entitled Recent developments in tagmemics, Pike spoke of the possibility of developing ‘paired levels’ or a ‘paired ladder’ in a hierarchy. His main concern in that paper, and in a similar paper presented to the German branch of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1971, was with the grammatical hierarchy. It is my aim in this paper to show that ‘paired levels’, or ‘double ranks’ as I shall call them, apply equally well in the phonological hierarchy, and that they offer interesting possibilities of (a) developing the notion of interpenetration of hierarchies and (b) broadening the field of general theoretical categories of language.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abercrombie, D. (1971). Some functions of silent stress. In Aitken, A. J., McIntosh, A. & Pálsson, H.Edinburgh studies in English and Scots. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Bendor-Samuel, J. T. (1961). The verbal piece in Jebero. Word, Monograph No. 4.Google Scholar
Bendor-Samuel, J. T. (1963). A structure-function description of Terena phrases. CJL 8. 5970.Google Scholar
Bendor-Samuel, J. T. (1967). Syntagmatic features or grammatical prosodies. Abstracts of papers. 10th International Congress of Linguistics, Bucharest, 1967.Google Scholar
Brend, R. (ed.) (forthcoming). Tagmemics. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Callow, J. C. (1968). A hierarchical study of neutralization in Kasem. JL 4. 3345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. J. (1969). A grammatical study of Ekpeye. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, London.Google Scholar
Edmonson, R. (1966). Preliminary description of some verb structures in Etung. In Pike, K. L. (ed), Tagmemic and matrix linguistics applied to selected African languages. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Fudge, E. C. (1969). Syllables. JL 5. 253286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimson, A. C. (1970). An introduction to the pronunciation of English. 2nd edn. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Gunter, R. (1966). On the placement of accent in dialogue: a feature of context grammar. JL 2. 159–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1956). Grammatical categories in modern Chinese. TPhS 177224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1961). Categories of the theory of grammar. Word 17. 241292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1966). The concept of rank: a reply. JL 2. 110118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1967). Intonation and grammar in British English. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1970). A course in spoken English: intonation. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (forthcoming). Text as semantic choice in social contexts. To appear in van Dijk, T. A. & Petöfi, J. S. (eds.), Grammars and descriptions.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K., McIntosh, A. & Strevens, P. D. (1964). The linguistic sciences and language teaching. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Hjelmslev, L. (1936). On the principles of phonematics. Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. 4954.Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1955). A manual of phonology. Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 11.Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1961). Linguistic elements and their relations. Lg 37. 2953.Google Scholar
Huddleston, R. D. (1965). Rank and depth. Lg 41. 574586.Google Scholar
Jacobs, G. (1970). Bimoba syntax: a syntagmatic analysis. Language Monographs, No. I, Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana.Google Scholar
Jones, D. (1956). An outline of English phonetics. 8th edn.Cambridge: Heiffer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladefoged, P. D. (1962). Subglottal activity during speech. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Helsinki). The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Lawrence, M. (1972). Oksapmin sentence structure. In Allen, J. & Lawrence, M. (eds.), Papers in New Guinea linguistics, No. 16. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Longacre, R. E. (1964). Grammar discovery procedures. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Longacre, R. E. (1970). Hierarchy in language. In Garvin, P. L. (ed.), Method and theory in linguistics. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Longacre, R. E. (1972). Hierarchy and universality of discourse constitutuents in New Guinea languages: discussion. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
McKaughan, H. P. (1954). Chatino formulas and phonemes. IJAL 20. 2327.Google Scholar
Palmer, F. R. (1958). Linguistic hierarchy. Lingua 7. 225241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pike, E. V. (1963). Dictation exercises in phonetics. Santa Ana: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Pike, E. V. & Scott, E. (1962). The phonological hierarchy of Marinahua. Phonetica 8. 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1943). Taxemes and immediate constituents, Lg 19. 6582.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1947). Phonemics: a technique for reducing languages to writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (19541960). Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behaviour. Preliminary Edition. Glendale: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1957). Abdominal pulse types in some Peruvian languages. Lg 33. 3035.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1958). Interpenetration of phonology, morphology and syntax. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists (Oslo). Oslo: University Press. 363374.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1962). Practical phonetics of rhythm waves. Phonetica 8. 930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1967). Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behaviour. 2nd, revised edition. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1972). Recent developments in tagmemics. Paper given at 11th International Congress for Linguists, Bologna, 1972.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. & Pike, E. V. (1947). Immediate consistuents of Mazateco syllables. IJAL 13. 7895.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L, & Kindberg, W. (1956). A problem in multiple stresses. Word 12 415428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pikc, K. L. & Scott, G. (1963). Pitch accent and non-accented phrases in Fore (New Guinea). ZPhon 16. 179189.Google Scholar
Standford, R. (1967). The Bekwarra language of Nigeria – a grammatical description. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, London.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. (1969). A grammatical description of the Engenni language. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, London.Google Scholar
Wiesemann, U. (1964). Phonological syllables and words in Kaingáng. Hannover: Völkerkundliche Abhandlungen, Band I:Beiträge zur Völkerkunde Südamerikas. 307313.Google Scholar
Weisemann, U. (1972). The relationship between phonology, grammar, meaning. Paper given at 11th International Congress for Linguists, Bologna, 1972.Google Scholar
Zipf, C. K. (1935). The psycho-biology of language: an introduction to dynamic philology. Boston: Houghton Miflin.Google Scholar