Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:39:08.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An Antiracist Health Equity Agenda for Education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2022

Abstract

With growing public health and health equity challenges brought to the forefront — following racialized health inequities resulting from COVID-19 and a national reckoning around the deaths of unarmed Black victims at the hands of police — an antiracist health equity agenda has emerged naming racism a public health crisis.

Type
Symposium Articles
Copyright
© 2022 The Author(s)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boyd, R.W., Ellison, A.M., and Horn, I.B., “Police, Equity, and Child Health,” Pediatrics 137, no. 3 (2016), available at <https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2711> (last visited December 30, 2021); L.F. Wiley, “Health Law as Social Justice,” Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 24, no. 1. (2014): Article 2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson-Agbakwu, C.E., Ali, N.S., Oxford, C.M., Wingo, S., Manin, E., and Coonrod, D.V., “Racism, COVID-19, and Health Inequity in the USA: A Call to Action,” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (November 16, 2020): at 17, available at <https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40615-020-00928-y.pdf> (last visited December 30, 2021).Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, M. K., Rosenbaum, L., Malina, D., Morrissey, S., and Rubin, E. J., “Diagnosing and Treating Systemic Racism,” New England Journal of Medicine 383, no. 3 (2020): 274–76; see Johnson-Agbakwu, et al., supra note 2.Google ScholarPubMed
See, e.g., Benfer, E., “Health Justice: A Framework (and Call to Action) for the Elimination of Health Inequity and Social Injustice,” American University Law Review 65, no. 2 (2015): 275351; “A Blueprint for Changemakers: Achieving Health Equity through Law and Policy,” ChangeLab Solutions (April 2019); D. Bowen Matthew, Just Medicine: A Cure for Racial Inequality in American Health Care (New York: NYU Press, 2015); C.L. Ford and C.O. Airhihenbuwa, “Critical Race Theory, Race Equity, and Public Health: Toward Antiracism Praxis,” American Journal of Public Health 100, suppl. 1 (2010): S30-S35; A.P. Harris and A. Pamukcu, “The Civil Rights of Health: A New Approach to Challenging Structural Inequality,” UCLA Law Review 67, no. 58 (2020).Google Scholar
American Public Health Association, “Racism Is a Public Health Crisis,” available at <https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/health-equity/racism-and-health/racism-declarations> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
Yearby, R., Lewis, C.N., Gilbert, K.L., and Banks, K., “Memo: Racism is a Public Health Crisis. Here’s How to Respond,” Data for Progress, September 3, 2020, available at <https://www.dataforprogress.org/memos/racism-is-a-public-health-crisis> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
Dumas, M.J., “Against the Dark: Antiblackness in Education Policy and Discourse,” Theory into Practice 55, no. 1 (2016): 1119; C. Wun, “Against Captivity: Black Girls and School Discipline Policies in the Afterlife of Slavery,” Education Policy 30, no. 1 (2016): 171-198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcelin, M. French and Hinger, S., “Bullies in Blue: The Origins and Consequences of School Policing,” ACLU, April 2017, available at <https://www.aclu.org/report/bullies-blue-origins-and-consequences-school-policing> (last visited December 30, 2021); D.J. Losen and P. Martinez, “Lost Opportunities: How Disparate School Discipline Continues to Drive Differences in the Opportunity to Learn,” October 12, 2020, available at <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hm2456z> (last visited December 30, 2021); US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, “2013-14 Civil Rights Data Collection: A First Look,” 2016, at 13.+(last+visited+December+30,+2021);+D.J.+Losen+and+P.+Martinez,+“Lost+Opportunities:+How+Disparate+School+Discipline+Continues+to+Drive+Differences+in+the+Opportunity+to+Learn,”+October+12,+2020,+available+at++(last+visited+December+30,+2021);+US+Department+of+Education+Office+for+Civil+Rights,+“2013-14+Civil+Rights+Data+Collection:+A+First+Look,”+2016,+at+13.>Google Scholar
French-Marcelin and Hinger, supra note 8.Google Scholar
US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, supra note 8.Google Scholar
Godfrey, E., Javdani, S., Epstein, R., and González, T., “2017–2018 National Data on School Discipline by Race and Gender,” Center on Poverty and Inequality, Georgetown University Law Center, 2020.Google Scholar
Olshansky, S.J., Antonucci, T., Berkman, L., Binstock, R.H., Boersch-Supan, A., Cacioppo, J.T., Carnes, B.A., et al., “Differences in Life Expectancy Due to Race and Educational Differences Are Widening, and Many May Not Catch Up,” Health Affairs (Project Hope) 31, no. 8 (August 2012): 1803-1813, available at <https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0746> (last visited December 30, 2021); A. Zajacova and E.M. Lawrence, “The Relationship between Education and Health: Reducing Disparities through a Contextual Approach,” Annual Review of Public Health 39 (2018): 273-289, available at <10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628> (last visited December 30, 2021).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
US Department of Health and Human Services, “Healthy People 2030,” available at <https://health.gov/healthypeople> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
Rostron, B.L, Boies, J.L, and Arias, E., “Education Reporting and Classification on Death Certificates in the United States,” Vital and Health Statistics 2, no. 151 (2010): 121.Google Scholar
Fronesca, R., Michaud, P.-C., and Zheng, Y., “The Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from National Compulsory Schooling Reforms,” SERIEs, no. 11 (August 2019): 83103.Google Scholar
Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Society and Health, “Why Education Matters to Health: Exploring the Causes,” April 2014, at 19.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Adolescence and School Health,” available at <https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/index.htm> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
Yearby, R., “Structural Racism and Health Disparities: Reconfiguring the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Include the Root Cause,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 3 (2020): 518526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §15-841 (2020); Fla. Stat. § 1006.12 (2020); “School Suspensions: Are They Helping Children? A Report,” Children’s Defense Fund (September 1975); “K-12 Education: Discipline Disparities for Black Students, Boys, and Students with Disabilities,” U.S. Government Accountability Office (March 2018).Google Scholar
Anyon, Y., Zhang, D., and Hazel, C., “Race, Exclusionary Discipline, and Connectedness to Adults in Secondary Schools,” American Journal of Community Psychology 57 (2016): 342352; E.M. Chu and D.D. Ready, “Exclusion and Urban Public High Schools: Short- and Long-Term Consequences of School Suspensions,” Journal of American Education 124, no. 4 (August 2018): 479- 409; C.F. Curran, The Expanding Presence of Law Enforcement in Florida Schools (2020): available at <https://education.ufl.edu/eprc/files/2020/09/Curran-The-Expanding-Presence-of-Law-Enforcement-in-Florida-Schools.pdf> (last visited December 30, 2021); M. Eyllon, C. Salhi, J. L. Griffith, and A. K. Lincoln, “Exclusionary School Discipline Policies and Mental Health in a National Sample of Adolescents without Histories of Suspension or Expulsion,” Youth & Society (September 2020); D.B. Jackson, C. Fahamy, M.G. Vaughn, and A. Testa, “Police Stops among At-Risk Youth: Repercussions for Mental Health,” Journal of Adolescent Health 65, no. 5 (2019): 627-632; A. Kupchik, Homeroom Security: School Discipline in an Age of Fear (New York University Press, 2012); J. Rosenbaum, “Educational and Criminal Justice Outcomes 12 Years After School Suspension,” Youth & Society 52, no. 4 (2018): 515-547; E.A. Shaver and J.R. Decker, “Handcuffing a Third Grader? Interactions between School Resource Officers and Students with Disabilities,” Utah Law Review 2017, no. 2 (2017): 229-282; E.K. Weisburst, “Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long-term Education Outcomes,” Journal of Policy and Management 38, no. 2 (2019): 338- 365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duru, O. Kenrick, Harawa, N.T., Kermah, D., and Norris, K.C., “Allostatic Load Burden and Racial Disparities in Mortality,” Journal of the National Medical Association 104, no. 1-2 (2012): 8595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Child Traumatic Stress Network, “Complex Trauma: In Urban African-American Children, Youth, and Families,” March 2017.Google Scholar
Sacks, V. and Murphey, D., “The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Nationally, by State, and by Race/Ethnicity,” Child Trends (February 2018).Google Scholar
Burdick-Will, J., “Neighborhood Violence, Peer Effects, and Academic Achievement in Chicago,” American Sociological Association 9, no. 3 (June 2018): 205233; E. Lee, H. Larkin, and N. Esaki, “Exposure to Community Violence as a New Adverse Childhood Experience Category: Promising Results and Future Consideration,” Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Sciences 98, no. 1 (2018): 69-78.Google Scholar
Pascoe, E.A. and Richman, L. Smart, “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 4 (2009): 531554.Google Scholar
See supra note 2.Google Scholar
González, T., Etow, A., and La Vega, C. De, “Health Equity, School Discipline Reform, and Restorative JusticeJournal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 2, Suppl. 2 (2019): 4750; T. González, “Race, School Policing, and Public Health,” Stanford Law Review Online 73 (2021): 10001-10014; “School Discipline Practices: A Public Health Crisis and an Opportunity for Reform,” ChangeLab Solutions (January 2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
See Benfer, supra 4.Google Scholar
Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality, Exclusionary School Discipline: Legislative Trends (2020), available at <https://academics.lmu.edu/media/lmuacademics/cures/restorativejustice/ESD-Legislative-Trends.pdf> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality, School-Based Restorative Justice: Legislative Trends (2020), available at <https://genderjusticeandopportunity.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/School-Based-RJ-Legislative-Trends-1.pdf> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar
American Public Health Association, supra note 5.Google Scholar
González, T. and Kaeser, E., “School Police Reform: A Public Health Imperative,” SMU Law Review Forum 74 (2021): 118.Google Scholar
Regenstein, M., Trott, J., and Williamson, A., The State of the Medical-Legal Partnership Field: Findings from the National Center for Medical-Legal Partnership Surveys (August 2017): 4- 29, available at <https://medical-legalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2016-MLP-Survey-Report.pdf> (last visited December 30, 2021).+(last+visited+December+30,+2021).>Google Scholar