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This claim should be qualified. In some research, some of the markers used might be within a disease-associated gene, but because of the manner in which the markers are chosen and the research is conducted, the researchers would not know that one of their markers was in a “disease gene.” If commercial ancestry testing firms are using any known disease-associated markers in their analyses, they have not disclosed this information.Google Scholar

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Hispanic/Latina identity has been quite contested throughout US history and remains so today. Although the U.S. government considers Hispanic an ethnicity, and therefore views it as possible for a person to be Hispanic and a member of any race, many Hispanics designate their race as “other” on the census, perhaps because they do not experience themselves as belonging to one of the “big four” races, see Lopez, I. H., “Race on the 2010 Census: Hispanics and the shrinking White Majority,” Daedalus 134 (2005): 42–52, (noting that in 1990, 97.5% of the people choosing “other race” on the census form also checked Hispanic ethnicity, p. 45). In much of the biomedical and genetics literature, the term Hispanic is treated as a race insofar as being Hispanic is viewed as mutually exclusive with being white, American Indian, or African American. Here, I use Hispanic as an ethnicity, and choose the relatively common representation of a white Hispanic person and a non-Hispanic Native American person. My use of this example should not be seen as an endorsement of any particular conception or usage of the term Hispanic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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