1. As an indication of how little many Christians hear about these women, in Catholic Masses, passages from Ruth and Naomi appear in only two weekday readings in every three-year cycle and Esther gets only one weekday reading every three years.

2. See, e.g., Eph 5:22-23 (“Wives, be subject to your husbands … for the husband is the head of the wife”); 1 Cor 14:34-35 (“Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak”); Titus 2:3-5 (advising women to be “submissive to their husbands”); 1 Pet 3:1-7 (women appropriately adorn themselves "by accepting the authority of their husbands”).