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The initial interest in womens studies arose in the sixties from a desire to rectify the fact that women, whether as actors or subjects, had been ignored in the evolution of knowledge. It soon became clear, however, that this had been more than a fault of omission for, because of lack of information, women had often been misunderstood and misrepresented. Several modernisation studies, for example, have concentrated on interviewing men and yet produced generalisations about levels of modernisation for the population as a whole. Joseph Kahi in The Measurement of Modernism made numerous statements about modernisation in Brazil and Mexico and its relationship to institutions in society, but his 1,300 interviews were all with men.1 The few studies which do include women show that they lag behind men in educational achievement and social mobility.2 This suggests that had Kahi included women in his samples his results might have been rather different.
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References
1 Kahl, Joseph, The Measurement of Modernism. A Study of Values in Brazil and Mexico (University of Texas Press, London, 1968).Google Scholar
2 See, for example, Nash, June, ‘A critique of social science roles in Latin America’, in Nash, J. and Safa, H. (eds.), Sex and Class in Latin America (Praeger, New York, 1976).Google Scholar
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8 See, for example, Eisenstadt, S. N., ‘Modernization, Growth and Diversity’, América Latina, 9, No. 1 (1966), pp. 34–58.Google Scholar
9 Good examples of this are Saflioti, Heleieth I. B., Women in Class Society (Monthly Review Press, London, 1978)Google Scholar and Norma Chinchilla, ‘Industrialization, Monopoly Capitalism and Women's Work in Guatemala’, in Women and National Development: The Complexities of Change, loc. cit.
10 Ibid., p. 273.
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12 Ibid.
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