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¹⁷ P. 176 in Hill and Tomassini, op. cit.

¹⁸ Ffrench and Tironi, op. cit., p. 8.

¹⁹ ibid..

²⁰ Financial Times, 28 07 1982;Google ScholarThe Economist, 20 11 1982.

²¹ For a general treatment of the phenomenon of the NICs, see Turner, L. and others, Living with the Newly Industrializing Countries (London, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1980).Google Scholar

²² It was on Brazil's initiative that the so-called ‘framework group’ was set up by the Trade Negotiating Committee of the Tokyo Round of GATT negotiations in Nov. 1976, with a view to dealing with areas of particular relevance to developing countries.

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²⁵ Orrego, F. and Lavados, I., in Hill, and Tomassini, , op. cit., pp. 107 and 293 respectively.Google Scholar

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²⁷ ibid..

²⁸ As part of the Second Development Strategy of the United Nations (1971–81).

²⁹ Parkinson, F., ‘The United Nations Integrated Programme for Commodities’, Current Legal Problems, no. 34 (1981), pp. 259–77.Google Scholar

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³⁴ Conseil Intergouvernemental des Pays Exportateurs de Cuivre.

³⁵ Martner, G., Producers Exporter Associations of Developing Countries: An Instrument for the Establishment of a New International Economic Order (Geneva, IFDA, 1979).Google Scholar See also Francis, L. B., ‘Producers' Associations in Relation to the New International Economic Order’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, no. 30 (1981), pp. 74–4.Google Scholar

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³⁹ On transnational corporations in general, see United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations, Transnational Corporations (New York, 1980).Google Scholar

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⁴³ Evans, P. in Fagen, R. R. (ed.), Capitalism and the State in U.S–Latin American Relations (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1979), p. 303.Google Scholar

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⁴⁶ The late Professor H. G. Johnson has argued that it was presumably cheaper to transplant an already known technology to a different environment to which it is not appropriate than to develop a technology appropriate to it. See Johnson, H. G., Technology and Economic Dependence (London, Macmillan, 1975), p. 76.Google Scholar The crucial choice then seems to lie between expensive adaptation to avoid significant social and economic distortions or uncritical but relatively cheap transplantation of technology. See Lietaer, op. cit., p. 36.

⁴⁷ The United Nations is willing to offer a helping hand. See United Nations, Measures Strengthening the Negotiating Capacity of Governments in their Relations with Transnational Corporations: Regional integration cum/versus Corporate Integration (New York, 1982).Google Scholar

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⁴⁹ Montavon, op. cit., p. 110.

⁵⁰ Evans in Fagen, op. cit., pp. 306–7.

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⁵² Grunwald, op. cit., p. 234.

⁵³ Ffrench-Davis and Tironi, op. cit., p. 177.

⁵⁴ Hall, P. K., ‘Avance des transnacionalismo japonés y América latina’, Foro Internacional, 01–03 1983, pp. 287–304.Google Scholar

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