Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T21:43:20.167Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

For God or Country: History Textbooks and the Secularization of Chilean Society, 1840–1890

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

Allen L. Woll
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The relations between Church and State in nineteenth-century Chile remained relatively calm when compared with the tumultuous events occurring in Mexico during the same era. While the question of the role of the Church in a secular society divided both nations, it was resolved in Chile without violence or bloodshed. Although President Manuel Montt's assertion of civil authority in the ‘affair of the sacristan’ in 1856 angered the clerical hierarchy, there was little that could be done by a church of less wealth, power and influence than in Mexico. Yet, the slow erosion of colonial fueros was not accepted without clerical resistance, which delayed the constitutional reforms limiting the Church's powers in Chile until the 1880s.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Latin American Studies , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , May 1975 , pp. 23 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Fredrick B, Pike, ‘Church and State in Chile and Peru’, American Historical Review, 73 (1967–8), 30–50.Google Scholar

2 El Progreso, 14 Feb. 1843. All works published in Santiago, Chile, unless otherwise noted.

3 Ibid., 10 April 1843; see also El Ferrocarril, ‘Primeras lecciones de la hisroria nacional’, 13 June 1863.

4 Luis, Oyarzún, El pensamiento de Lastarria (1935), p. 136.Google Scholar

5 Revista Católica, IX, 575.

6 Anales de la Universidad de Chile (AUCH), II, 61.

7 V. F. López, Manual de la historia de Chile (1845).

8 Ibid., p. 117.

9 Simon, Collier, Ideas and Politics of Chilean independence, 1808–1833 (Cambridge, 1967), pp. 192–200, 207–17.Google Scholar

10 M. L., Amunátegui Reyes, Don Antonio Garcia Reyes y algunos de sus antepasados, a la luz de documentos inéditos (1930), 5, 187–8.Google Scholar

11 Ibid., p. 182.

12 AUCH, 4 Jan. 1857.

13 Revisia Católica, VIII, 2137, 2188–90, 2196–8.

14 Ibid., p. 2189.

15 El Ferrocarril, 14 Mar. 1857.

16 Ibid., 18 March 1857.

17 Ibid., 3 April 1857.

18 Revista Católica, VIII, 2196–7.

19 Alberto, Velasquez, Rcscña histórica de la Sociedad de Instrucción Primaria, 1856–1873 (1873), and José, Alfonso A., La Sociedad de Instrucción Primaria de Santiago de Chile (1937).Google Scholar

20 El Ferrocarril, 20 Apr. 2857.

21 Ibid. The Jesuits were re-established in Chile on 10 July 1854.

22 ‘Revista de errores publicados por el diario de Santiago y de sus agresiones contra el clero en la presente semana’, Revista Católica, VIII, 2247. See also ‘ Biografías populares’, 2273–6.

23 Isidoro, Errázuriz, Historia de la administración Errázuriz (1935), p. xx.Google Scholar

24 El Ferrocarril, 22 May. 1857.

25 El Pals, 20 Oct. 1857.

26 Diego Barros Arana y Miguel Luis Amunátegui, Nuevo plan de estudios para el curso de humanidades (1857).

27 Jean, Rohr, Victor Duruy, Ministre de Napoleon Ill (Paris, 1967).Google Scholar

28 Reuista Católica, IX, 576.

29 AUCH, 7 Mar. 1863.

30 Ibid., 2 May 1863.

31 Revista Católica, 16 May. 1868.

32 Diego, Barros Arana, Compendio de la historia de América (1865), 2, 167.Google Scholar

33 Ibid., p. 265.

34 5 Nov. 1871.

35 La República, 21 Dec. 1876.

36 El Mercurio, 19 Mar. 1862.

37 Antonio, Ruíz Urbina, ‘Barros Arana, educador’, AUCH, nos. 109–10 (1958), 173–4,Google Scholar and Rolando Mellafe, ‘Barros Arana, americanista’, ibid., 260–69.

38 El Ferrocarril, 21 Dec. 1871.

39 Abdón Cifuentes, Memorias (1934).

40 Diego, Barros Arana, Mi destitución (1873), p. 21.Google Scholar

41 El Ferrocarril, 25 Nov. 1872.

42 El Independiente, 10 Nov. 1871.

43 La República, 2 Jan. 1872.

44 Ibid., 9 Jan. 1872.

45 Decree of 1 Jan. 1872; reprinted in Ibid., 17 Jan. 1872.

46 El Independienre, 18, 21 Feb. 1872.

47 AUCH, 22 Nov. 1872, p. 383.

48 Ibid., 26 June 1872.

49 El Instituto i el Ministro Cifuentes por various alumnos (1873), and Cifuentes, Memorias, vol. II, ch. XIX.

50 Barros Arana, Mi destitución.

51 El Ferrocarril, 25 June 1872.

52 Letter to Bartolomé Mitre, 28 Aug. 1875, in Museo, Mitre, Correspondencia literaria, histórica, i politica (1912), 11, 281.Google Scholar

53 Domingo, Amunátegui Solar, Archivo epistolar de Miguel Luis Amunátegui (1942), 1, 31–2.Google Scholar

54 Revista de Santiago (1872). Also reprinted in El Ferrocarril (1872).

55 Ibid., ch. II. This is quite a change from his opinions of nine years earlier: see Compendio, p. 265, where Barros Arana discusses the virtues of the missionaries.

56 Diego Barros Arana, Obras completas (1906), x, 80.

57 Diego, Barros Arana, ‘El entierro de los muertos en la época colonial’, Revista Chilena (1876), 3, 224–5.Google Scholar

58 Ricardo, Donoso, Las ideas politicas en Chile(1967), pp. 173–207.Google Scholar

59 During the 1850s and 1860s, Amunátegui completed biographies of O'Higgins, José Joaquín Vallejo, Ignacio Domeyko, Salvador Sanfuentes and others. See J. Abel, Rosales, ‘Bibliografía’, in C. Morla, Vicuña, Don Miguel Luis Arnunátegui, 1828–1888 (1889).Google Scholar

60 Palma, to Amunátegui, , Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografía, vol. 56, no. 60, p. 28.Google Scholar See also Ricardo, Palma, Tradiciones peruanas completas (Madrid, 1964), pp. 1528, 1542.Google Scholar

61 Diego, Barros Arana, ‘Miguel Luis Amunátegui’, in Morla, Vicuña, Amunátegui, p. 107.Google Scholar

62 Miguel, Luis Amunátegui, ‘El Templo de la Compañia de Jesús en Santiago de Chile’, Revista de Santiago, 15 05 1872; ‘Lo que hace el diablo en Chile segtún el Padre Jesuita Miguel de Olivares’, El Ferrocarril, 19 04 1874. See also El Ferrocarril, 15, 27 04. 8, 15 03, 24 05 1874.Google Scholar

63 Estandarte Católico, 29 July, 5 Aug. 1876.

64 AUCH, nos. 109–110 (1958), p. 83.

65 La Repu'blica, 27 May 1875.

66 Estebán Muñóz Donoso, compendio, p. 222.

67 La República, 27 May 1875.

68 Estandarte Católico, 29, 31 May, 2–5, 72 June, 1875.

69 See Julio Baliados Espinosa, Historia de América y de Chile para el curso medio i las escuelas públicas (1883); Anon., Lecciones de la historia de Chile para el uso de las escuelas públicas (1887); Ambrosio Valdés, Historia general de Chile dedicada a las escuclas primarias (1888); Domingo Villalobos B., Lecciones de la historia de Chile arregiadas en clrculos concéntricos (1893).

70 Sec Gustavo, Adolfo Holley, ‘Los estudios secundarios en Chile’, Revista del Progreso, 2 (1889), 34–58;Google Scholar Luis Barros Borgoño, La enseñanza de la historia (1892).