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(De-)Mobilising the Marginalised: A Comparison of the Argentine Piqueteros and Ecuador's Indigenous Movement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2007

JONAS WOLFF
Affiliation:
Jonas Wolff is Research Associate at the Peace Research Institute, Frankfurt.

Abstract

In recent years, socio-political crises have challenged democracy across South America. Social movements that succeeded in mobilising marginalised sectors are at the forefront of this turbulence, Ecuador's indigenous movement and the organisations of unemployed workers in Argentina being paradigmatic cases. Recent developments point to an intrinsic weakness of both indigenous and unemployed movements, in that democratic regimes have proved highly successful at ‘taming’ them. By comparing the two movements, in terms of their internal dynamics and interactions with the political system, this article argues that common characteristics that were crucial for successful mobilisation in the first place, at the same time, help explain their vulnerability to division and clientelist integration.

En años recientes algunas crisis sociopolíticas han desafiado a las democracias a lo largo de Sudamérica. Los movimientos sociales que lograron convocar a sectores marginales han estado al frente de esta turbulencia. Algunos casos paradigmáticos son el movimiento indígena del Ecuador y la organización de desempleados en Argentina. Sucesos recientes han mostrado una debilidad intrínseca de los movimientos tanto indígena como de desempleados, ya que los regímenes democráticos han sido altamente exitosos en “domesticarlos”. Mediante la comparación de los dos movimientos, en términos de sus dinámicas e interacciones internas con el sistema político, el artículo señala que las características comunes que fueron cruciales para su exitosa movilización en primer lugar ayudan, al mismo tiempo, a explicar su tendencia a la división y a la integración clientelista.

Nos últimos anos crises sócio-políticas têm desafiado democracias Latino Americanas em todo o continente. Movimentos sociais que mobilizaram setores marginalizados estão à frente dessas turbulências, sendo paradigmáticos os casos do movimento indígena do Equador e das organizações de trabalhadores desempregados na Argentina.

Desdobramentos recentes ressaltam uma fraqueza intrínseca tanto dos movimentos indígenas quanto dos de desempregados, considerando que regimes democráticos tiveram grande êxito em ‘amansá-los’.

Comparando os dois movimentos em termos de suas dinâmicas internas e de suas interações com o sistema político, o artigo sugere que características comuns que em princípio foram cruciais para a mobilização bem-sucedida ao mesmo tempo ajudam a explicar sua vulnerabilidade à divisão e integração clientelista.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2007 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

A former version of this article was presented at the 2006 Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 15–18 March 2006. The author thanks Kathleen Bruhn, Harald Müller and this journal's anonymous reviewers for helpful comments; the support of the Deutsche Stiftung Friedensforschung (DSF) and the Internationale Promotions-Centrum (IPC) at the Goethe University, Frankfurt, is gratefully acknowledged. All translations of Spanish quotations are the author's own.