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Contesting the ‘War on Drugs’ in the Andes: US–Bolivian Relations of Power and Control (1989–93)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 May 2019
Abstract
The implementation of President George H. W. Bush's 1989 Andean Initiative brought to the fore competing US and Bolivian agendas. While US embassy officials sought to exert control in pursuit of militarised policies, the Bolivian government's ambivalence towards the coca-cocaine economy underpinned opposition to the ‘Colombianisation’ of the country. This article deconstructs prevailing top-down, US-centric analyses of the drug war in Latin America to examine how US power was exercised and resisted in the Bolivian case. Advancing a more historically grounded understanding of the development of the US drug war in Latin America, it reveals the fluidity of US–Bolivian power relations, the contested nature of counter-drug policy at the country level, and the instrumentalisation of the ‘war on drugs’ in distinct US and Bolivian agendas.
Spanish abstract
La implementación de la Iniciativa Andina de 1989 dio como resultado agendas en competencia entre los EEUU y Bolivia. Mientras que funcionarios de la embajada estadounidense buscaron ejercer control en busca de políticas militarizadas, la ambivalencia del gobierno boliviano alrededor de la economía de la coca-cocaína apuntaló la oposición a la ‘colombianización’ del país. Este artículo deconstruye los análisis de arriba-abajo y desde el punto de vista estadounidense de la guerra contra las drogas en América Latina para examinar cómo el poder estadounidense fue ejercido y resistido en el poco estudiado caso boliviano. Avanzando un entendimiento del desarrollo de la guerra estadounidense contra las drogas en América Latina apoyado en la historia, el artículo revela la fluidez de las relaciones de poder EEUU–Bolivia, la naturaleza contestada de la política contra las drogas a nivel de país, y la instrumentalización de la ‘guerra contra las drogas’ sobre agendas dispares de EEUU y Bolivia.
Portuguese abstract
A implementação da Iniciativa Andina de 1989 trouxe à tona as conflitantes agendas dos EUA e da Bolívia. Enquanto funcionários da embaixada dos EUA procuraram exercer controle nas busca de políticas de militarização, a ambivalência do governo da Bolívia no que dizia respeito à economia gerada pela cocaína fundamentava oposição à ‘Colombianização’ do país. Este artigo desconstrói análises ‘do topo para a base’, predominantemente centradas nos Estados Unidos sobre a guerra contras as drogas na América Latina, e procura examinar como o poder dos Estados Unidos era exercido e resistido como no caso, pouco estudado, da Bolívia. Propondo um entendimento um pouco mais fundamentado historicamente sobre desenvolvimento da guerra contra as drogas dos Estados Unidos na América Latina, o artigo revela a fluidez das relações de poder entre os Estados Unidos e a Bolívia, a natureza combatida da política de combate às drogas em nível nacional, e a instrumentalização da ‘guerra contra as drogas’ nas distintas agendas da Bolívia e dos Estados Unidos.
Keywords
‘War on Drugs’illicit drug economycocaUS role in Latin AmericaNorth–South power relationsla ‘Guerra contra las Drogas’economía de drogas ilícitascocael papel de los EEUU en Latinoaméricarelaciones de poder norte–sura ‘Guerra contra as Drogas’economia ilícita de drogascocaínao papel dos Estados Unidos na América do Sulrelações de poder entre o Sul e o Norte
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019
References
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100 Interview with Paz Zamora.
101 Ibid.
102 Interview with senior minister of the Paz Zamora government, 7 May 2014. Several interview participants requested anonymity.
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149 Ibid.
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