Human cochleae were fixed in glutaraldehyde, without the use of osmium. Crosslinks were seen between the stereocilia, similar to those we have previously reported for the guinea pig: first, stereocilia of the same row on each hair cell were joined by horizontally-running links; secondly, the shorter stereocilia had pointed tips, each giving rise to a single, vertically-pointing link, which ran upwards to join the adjacent taller stereocilium of the next row. We suggest that distortion of this link is involved in sensory transduction. The links were sparser than had been seen in the guinea pig which may be a reflection of the vulnerability of the links to nonoptimal fixation, and the greater difficulty in producing good fixation in human specimens.

Otoconial material was obtained from a number of vertebrates to determine the CaC03 polymorph present. Otoconia and otoliths from bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles are primarily aragonitic; those from birds and mammals are calcitic. This paper summarizes data from all other investigators as well as presenting new data, particularly pertaining to reptiles. The significance, if any, of the relationship between taxonomic group and carbonate polymorph remains an intriguing question.

Eng recordings showed abnormal findings in subjects affects by Usher's syndrome and in unaffected siblings. Unaffected subjects with hearing impairment may be heterozygote carriers with inner ears more sensitive to various injurious stimulti, e.g. noise, than those of healthy subjects. Vestibular tests may facilitate the detection of heterozygote carriers but the number of patients studied by us is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be reached.

Mucocoeles of the maxillary antrum extensie enough to cause local bone destruction appear to be extremely rare. Such a case is reported with the appropriate pathological and radiological findings. Perusal of the literature suggests that this condition, unlike mucocoeles arising in other sinuses, may closely mimic a carcinoma and all authors stress the necessity for Caldwell-Luc surgery to be certain of the diagnosis. Som and Shugar (1980) describe features visible on CT scanning which may help to differentiate between mucocoeles, pyocoeles and carcinomata. In spite of the relatively high incidence of cysts of the antrum, it is thought unlikely that mucocoeles in this location would arise from such a cyst; indeed it is likely that all mucocoeles arise from blockage of the outflow tract of the appropriate sinus. There is a high incidence of maxillary sinus mucocoele in Japan following Caldwell-Luc surgery (Hasegawa et al., 1979). Noyek and Zizmor (1976) suggest that compartmentalization of the autrum after operation may leave islands of mucosa without drainage; such a collection my give rise to a mucocoele.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a disease of unknown etiology. A total of 96 patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis have received four regimens of treatment–local dexamethasone, local hyaluronidase, local combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase, and local placental extract. The patients were followed up for a period varying from 3 months to 2 years. The group of patients receiving hyaluronidase alone showed quicker improvement in symptoms although its combination with dexamethasone gave somewhat better longer-term results. A new regimen for the treatment of submucous fibrosis is recommended.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a well-known clinical entity, known since the time of Sushurta. In the modern literature, this condition was first reported by Schwartz (1952). Joshi (1953) was the first person to describe this entity in India.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis has been defined as an insidious chronic disease of unknown etiology, reported mainly in Indians, and affecting the entire oral cavity. The basic change is a fibro-elastotic transformation of the connective tissue in the lamina propria preceded by vesicle formation. In its later stages the oral mucous membrane becomes stiff and the patient suffers from trismus and resultant difficulty in eating (Pindborg and Sirsat, 1966).

The present paper deals with our experience in the management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis over the past 21/2 years.

In spite of the increasing use of more efficient medical therapy, different types of otogenic intracranial complications continue to occur.

A detailed description of two cases of lateral sinus thrombosis illustrates that its present-day clinical course can differ from the traditional clinical picture of the disease.