Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-767nl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T12:13:36.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A history of The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital 1874–1982

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2007

Preface

This history of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital at Gray's Inn Road formed the core of a thesis submitted to the Open University for a Doctorate of Philosophy and is not an official history. I was encouraged to give it wider circulation particularly by Sir Donald Harrison and Mr Edward Donald. The Special Trustees of the Hospital have most generously sponsored this supplement which I hope will serve to provide some interest to those who have worked at Gray's Inn Road. I must begin with an apology as it does not attempt to record the achievements of all the staff at the RNTNE and many eminent contributors to the success of the Hospital have been omitted either through my own ignorance or through lack of space to cover all areas of the Hospital's development. I have been fortunate in obtaining both written and oral historical memoirs from retired doctors, nurses, administrators and technicians who worked for many years at Gray' Inn Road. I would like particularly to thank Peter Zwarts, librarian of the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, and the librarians at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine and the Guildhall. I would like to thank Andrew Gardner of the ILO for a number of the illustrations. In particular I would like to thank my OU supervisor, Dr Noel Coley, for his patience and encouragement.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Rivett, G (1986) The Development of the London Hospital System, 1823–1982, King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, pp 1415.Google Scholar
2Longmate, N. (1966) King Cholera. The Biography of a Disease. Hamish Hamilton, London, p 195.Google Scholar
3Woodham-Smith, C. (1964) Florence Nightingale. Fontana, London, p 127.Google Scholar
4Membership of the Health of Towns Association included the aristocracy Lord Ashley, the Marquis of Normandy, Lord Ebrington; the Bishops (London, St David's and Norwich) and W.E. Hickson, a tradesman's son, and John Leslie son of a tailor. Doctors Southwood Smith (its founder), John Simon, Joseph Toynbee and R.D. Grainger together with politicians as opposed as Disraeli and Hawes, all united by the miserable condition of London.Google Scholar
5Finer, S. E. (1952) The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick, Methuen, London, p 238.Google Scholar
6Gavin, H. (1985) The Unhealthiness of London, Gardling Publishing, London, p 7.Google Scholar
7The Health of London Association. (1847) Report on Sanitary Conditions of the Metropolis, Chapman Elcoate, London.Google Scholar
8Kay, J. (Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth) (1832) The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester. James Ridgway, London.Google Scholar
9Finer, op. cit. note 5, pp 155156.Google Scholar
10Lambert, R. (1963) Sir John Simon 1816–1904 and English Social Administration. MacGibbon & Kee, London, p 227.Google Scholar
11Lambert, R. (1963) Sir John Simon 1816–1904 and English Social Administration. MacGibbon & Kee, London, p 479.Google Scholar
12Abel-Smith, B. (1964) The Hospitals 1800–1948. A Study in Social Administration in England and Wales, Heinemann, London, p 4.Google Scholar
13Parliamentary Papers. (1834) Poor Law Amendment Act, A Collection of the Public General Statutes Passed in the 4th–5th year of the reign of William the Fourth. Eyre and Spottiswood, London, Guildhall Library, p 586.Google Scholar
14Coleman, V. (1985) The Story of Medicine. Robert Hale, Bury St Edmunds, p 198.Google Scholar
15Finer, op. cit., note 5, pp 159160.Google Scholar
16Hodgkinson, R. G. (1975) Science in Public Health In: Open University Course, AST281. Science and the Rise of Technology since 1800, Unit 10, p 32.Google Scholar
17Reports regarding medical officers of hospitals was undertaken by The Lancet and reported: ii, 1856, p 203.Google Scholar
Reports regarding medical officers of hospitals was undertaken by The Lancet and reported: ii, 1864, pp 355356.Google Scholar
Reports regarding medical officers of hospitals was undertaken by The Lancet and reported: i, 1883, pp 653655. i, 1893, p 819.Google Scholar
Reports regarding medical officers of hospitals was undertaken by The Lancet and reported: i, 1893, p 819.Google Scholar
18Farre, A., Grainger, R. D. (1850) Report to the General Board of Health on Metropolitan Workhouses. House of Commons, London.Google Scholar
19Farnall, B. (1866) Report on the Infirmary Wards of the Metropolitan Workhouses. House of Commons, London.Google Scholar
20Rhodes, P. (1985) An Outline History of Medicine, Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
21Harrison, J. F. L. (1988) Early Victorian Britain 1832–1851, Fontana Press, London, p 27. The growth of some large British cities between 1831–1851 includes Manchester from 182,000 to 303,000; Leeds 123,000 to 172,000; Birmingham 144,000 to 233,000; Glasgow 202,000 to 345,000.Google Scholar
22Harrison, J. F. L. (1988) Early Victorian Britain 1832–1851, Fontana Press, London, p 27. The growth of some large British cities between 1831–1851 includes Manchester from 182,000 to 303,000; Leeds 123,000 to 172,000; Birmingham 144,000 to 233,000; Glasgow 202,000 to 345,000. p 16.Google Scholar
23SirWalter, Besant in his study on St Botolph's Bishopsgate a century earlier calculated that out of 885 children born, 516 (58 per cent) died before the age of five and that expectation of life was under 30 years. Quoted in Evans, A.D. and Howard, L.G.R. (1930) The Romance of the British Voluntary Movement, Hutchison, London, p 138.Google Scholar
24Druitt, B. (1966) The Growth of the Welfare State. Hamish Hamilton, London, p 118.Google Scholar
25Report of the Metropolitan Board of Works (1889) Judd & Co., London gives a complete summary of the work undertaken by this organization before it became the London County Council in 1889.Google Scholar
26Rogers, J. (1889) Reminiscences of a Workhouse Medical Officer, Fisher, London.Google Scholar
27Chadwick, E. (1842) Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the labouring population of Great Britain. Edinburgh University Press, London.Google Scholar
28Hamlin, C. (1992) Predisposing Causes and Public Health in early Nineteenth Century Medical Thought. Social History of Medicine, p 5, 70.Google Scholar
29Hodgkinson, op. cit., note 16, p 24.Google Scholar
30Hibbert, C. (1984) Queen Victoria in her Letters and Journals. John Murray, London, pp 155156.Google Scholar
31Abel-Smith, , op. cit., note 12, p 16.Google Scholar
32Owen, R. (1894) The Life of Richard Owen. John Murray, London, p 129.Google Scholar
33Piller, G. J.The Story of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. B.W.W. Printers, Bridgewater, undated, p 4.Google Scholar
34Abel-Smith, , op. cit., note 12, p 4.Google Scholar
35Rivett, , op. cit. note 1, p 24.Google Scholar
36Rivett, , op. cit. note 1, p 28.Google Scholar
37Treacher Collins, E. (1929) The History and Traditions of the Moorfields Eye Hospital. H.K. Lewis, London, pp 67.Google Scholar
38Scott-Stevenson, R., and Guthrie, D. (1949) A History of Oto-Laryngology. E. and S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 118.Google Scholar
39Granshaw, L. (1985) St Mark's Hospital, London. A Social History of a Specialist Hospital. King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, p 1.Google Scholar
40Butterworth, , Lady, (1925) The Story of a City Hospital 1848–1925. City of London Hospital for Diseases of Heart and Lungs Centenary booklet.Google Scholar
41Piller, , op. cit. note 33, p 3.Google Scholar
42Holmes, Sir Gordon M. (1954) The National Hospital, Queen Square, 1860–1948. E. and S. Livingstone, London, p 9.Google Scholar
43Ayers, G. M. (1971) England's First State Hospitals and the Metropolitan Asylum Board. Wellcome, London, p 13.Google Scholar
44Hodgkinson, R. (1967) The Origins of the National Health Service. Wellcome, London, p 593.Google Scholar
45Woodward, J. (1974) To do the sick no harm. A Study of the British voluntary hospital system to 1875. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, p 135.Google Scholar
46Burdett, H. (1893) Hospitals and Asylums of the World. Their origin, history, construction, administration, management and utilization: with plans of the chief medical institutions accurately drawn to a uniform scale, in addition to those of all the hospitals of London in the jubilee year of Queen Victoria's reign. 4 vols. Vol. IIIHospitals-History and Administration’. J.A. Churchill, London, p 113.Google Scholar
47Bruggemeier, F. J. (1989) Medicine and Science. In: Science, Technology and Everyday Life, (ed.) Chant, C, Routledge, in association with the Open University, pp 310313.Google Scholar
48Rivett, , op. cit. note 1, p 30.Google Scholar
49Lambert, op. cit, note 10, p 253.Google Scholar
50Weir, N. (1990) Otolaryngology. An Illustrated History. Butterworths, London, p 2.Google Scholar
51Lambert, , op. cit. note 10, p 64.Google Scholar
52Lambert, , op. cit. note 10, pp 4445.Google Scholar
53Lambert, , op. cit. note 10, p 341.Google Scholar
54Maulitz, R. C. (1993) The Pathological Tradition. In: Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine, (eds.) Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., vol. 1, Routledge, London, p 179. Laennec's first description of the stethoscope was given in Treatise on Mediate Auscultation, Paris, 1819.Google Scholar
55Weatherall, M. (1993) Drug therapies. In: Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine, (eds.) Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., vol. 2, Routledge, London, p 924Google Scholar
Vane, J. R. (1993) Aspirin and other salicylates. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
56Richardson, R. (1991) Trading Assassins and t he licensing of Anatomy. In: British Medicine in an Age of Reform, (eds) French, R., Wear, A., Routledge, London, p 83.Google Scholar
57Richardson, R. (1991) Trading Assassins and t he licensing of Anatomy. In: British Medicine in an Age of Reform, (eds) French, R., Wear, A., Routledge, London, p 75.Google Scholar
58 A Physician (1883) Seventy Years of Life in the Victorian Era. Fisher Unwin, London, p 21Google Scholar
Cameron, H. C. (1948) Joseph Lister, The Friend of Man. Heinemann Medical Books, London, p 27Google Scholar
Scott Stevenson, R. (1946) Morell Mackenzie. Heinemann Medical Books, London p 29.Google Scholar
59Bynum, W. F. (1994) Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, pp 112113.Google Scholar
60Coleman, , op. cit. note 14, p 15.Google Scholar
61Granshaw, , op. cit. note 39, p 125Google Scholar
MacDonald, G. (1932) Reminiscences of a Specialist. Allen and Unwin, London, p 233Google Scholar
Cartwright, F. F. (1967) The Development of Modern Surgery. Arthur Barker, London, p 263.Google Scholar
62Duncum, B. M. (1947) The Development of Inhalation Anaesthesia with Special reference to the Years 1846–1900. Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, Oxford University Press, p 563.Google Scholar
63Duncum, B. M. (1947) The Development of Inhalation Anaesthesia with Special reference to the Years 1846–1900. Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, Oxford University Press, p 9.Google Scholar
64Cartwright, , op. cit. note 61, p 32Google Scholar
Finer, op. cit., note 5, p 37.Google Scholar
65Coleman, , op. cit. note 14, p 153Google Scholar
The Lancet had denied the fact that the Queen had chloroform in 1853 as it regarded it as a very dangerous substance but by 1857 had accepted it as a usual procedure even for a royal birth (Sykes, W. S.) (1960) Essays on the first hundred years of Anaesthesia, vol. 1. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 7980.Google Scholar
66Cartwright, , op. cit. note 61, pp 3536.Google Scholar
67Cameron, , op. cit. note 58, p 133.Google Scholar
68Cartwright, F. F. (1991) In: The Story of King's College Hospital and its Medical School, (ed.) Britten, D. J., Fontana Press. London, p 49.Google Scholar
69SirFraser, F. R. The Rise of the Specialist and Specialist Hospitals. In: The Evolution of Hospitals in Britain, (ed) Poynter, F. N. L., Pitman Medical, London, 173.Google Scholar
70Dally, A. (1991) Women Under the Knife. Hutchison, London, p 138 and p 159.Google Scholar
71McInnes, E. M. (1963) St Thomas's Hospital. George Allen and Unwin, London, p 115.Google Scholar
72 The St John's House had some 200 nurses supplying King's, Charing Cross, the Hospital for Sick Children in Nottingham, the Leicester Royal Infirmary, the English Hospital in Paris and an extensive private network (Cartwright, op. cit., note 68, p 37).Google Scholar
73Cameron, , op. cit. note 58, p 128.Google Scholar
74SirCope, Z. (1959) The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Anthony Blond, London, pp 3539.Google Scholar
75Parliamentary Papers. (1858) Act to regulate qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery. The Medical Act. Eyre and Spottiswood, London, p 304 the charter for Physicians, p 305 the charter for t he Surgeons.Google Scholar
76Parry, N., Parry, J. (1976) The Rise of the Medical Profession. A study of Collective Social Mobility. Croom Helm, London, p 105.Google Scholar
77Parry, N., Parry, J. (1976) The Rise of the Medical Profession. A study of Collective Social Mobility. Croom Helm, London, p 107.Google Scholar
78Haight, G. S. (1940) George Eliot and John Chapman. Yale University Press, p 94.Google Scholar
79Parliamentary Papers (1815) The Apothecary's Act, Eyre and Spottiswood, London, p 1736.Google Scholar
80SirClark, G. (1966) A History of the Royal College of Physicians of London, vol. 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 710.Google Scholar
81Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians were graduates from Oxford or Cambridge prior to 1830. Following that Licentiates could become Fellows after examination by members of the Council. Licentiates were able to practice anywhere in England following a three part examination after university or apprenticeship training. Extra-licentiates were those who practiced outside London who only took one part of the examination.Google Scholar
82Glenn, R. G. (1871) A Manual of Laws Affecting Medical Men. Churchill, London, p 147.Google Scholar
83Abel-Smith, , op.cit., note 12, pp 1920.Google Scholar
84Rivington, W. (1879) The Medical Profession. Fannin, Dublin, p 3.Google Scholar
85Carter, R. (1903) Doctors and Their Work. Smith, Elder, London, p 17.Google Scholar
86Cartwright, , op. cit. note 61, p 293Google Scholar
Rivett, , op. cit, note 1, p 34;Google Scholar
Law, F. W. (1975) History ofMoorfields Eye Hospital, vol. II, H. K. Lewis, London, p 37.Google Scholar
87Peterson, M. J. (1978) The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London. University of California Press, p 281282.Google Scholar
88Parry, , op. cit. note 76, p 254.Google Scholar
89Derry, T. K., Jarman, T. L. (1956) The Making of Modern Britain. John Murray, London, p 133.Google Scholar
90Rivett, , op. cit. note 1, p 22.Google Scholar
91Coleman, , op. cit. note 14, p 188.Google Scholar
92Mackenzie, Sir M. (1888) The Fatal Illness of Frederick the Noble. Sampson Low, Marston Searle and Rivington, London, p 9.Google Scholar
93Abel-Smith, , op. cit., note 12, p 17.Google Scholar
94Kershaw, R. (1909) Special Hospitals. Their Origin, Development and their Relationship to Medical Education. Their economic Aspects and Relative Freedom from Abuse. Pulman, London, p 43.Google Scholar
95Newman, C. (1957) The Evolution of Medical Education in the 19th Century. Oxford University Press, p 18.Google Scholar
96SirSprigge, S. (1898) The Life and Times of Thomas Wakley. Longmans, Green & Co., London, p 77.Google Scholar
97Treacher, Collins (1873) op. cit., note 69, pp 5859Google Scholar
Treacher, Collins (1873) The Lancet i, pp 1820.Google Scholar
98SirGull, W. W. (1884) A collection of the published writings of William Withey Gull, Memoir and Addresses. New Sydenham Society, Wellcome Institute, London.Google Scholar
99Fraser, , op. cit. note 69, p 173.Google Scholar
100Clark, , op. cit. note 80, p 428.Google Scholar
101Abel-Smith, , op. cit., note 12, p 17.Google Scholar
102Law, F. (1975) The History of Moorfields Eye Hospital. 2 vols, vol. II, H.K. Lewis, London, pp 910.Google Scholar
103Rivett, , op. cit. note 1, p 373374.Google Scholar
104Granshaw, L. (1989) Fame and fortune by means of bricks and mortar: the medical profession and specialist hospitals in Britain, 1800–1948. In: The Hospital in History (eds) Granshaw, L.Porter, R.Routledge, London, p 200.Google Scholar
105Abel-Smith, , op. cit., note 12, pp 78.Google Scholar
106Treacher, Collins, op. cit., note 69, p 106.Google Scholar
107Bynum, W. F., Wilson, J. C. (1992) Periodical knowledge: medical journals and their editors in nineteenth century Britain. In: Medical Journals and Medical Knowledge, (eds) Bynum, W. F.Lock, S.Porter, R.Routledge, London, p 29.Google Scholar
108Peterson, , op. cit. note 87, p 270.Google Scholar