Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T05:04:30.724Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Conceiving a national head and neck cancer screening programme

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2015

D S Gogarty*
Affiliation:
Department of Anaesthesia, Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
A Shuman
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
E M O'Sullivan
Affiliation:
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Ireland
P Sheahan
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
J Kinsella
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
C Timon
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
J P O'Neill
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Darragh Gogarty, 20 The Grove, Skerries Rock, Skerries, Co. Dublin,Ireland E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Background:

This study was undertaken to determine the optimum approach to screening for head and neck cancer based on international experiences.

Objective:

To determine whether or not head and neck cancer is suitable for screening, and, if so, what the ideal approach should be.

Methods:

An electronic search of online databases up to and including May 2014 was conducted. Key search terms included ‘head and neck’, ‘cancer’, ‘screening’, ‘larynx’, ‘oropharynx’ and ‘oral’.

Results:

Subset analysis of high-risk cohorts showed statistically significant improvements in early detection of head and neck cancer via screening.

Conclusion:

Current levels of public awareness regarding head and neck cancers are suboptimal, despite increased incidence and mortality. Scheduled and opportunistic screening, coupled with efforts to enhance education and health behaviour modification, are highly recommended for pre-defined, high-risk, targeted populations. This can enable early detection and therefore improve morbidity and mortality.

Type
Review Articles
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Head and Neck Cancer Alliance. In: www.headandneck.org [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
2Mehanna, H, Paleri, V, West, CM, Nutting, C. Head and neck cancer – part 1: epidemiology, presentation, and prevention. BMJ 2010;341:c4684CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Boyle, P, Levin, B, eds. World Cancer Report 2008. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008Google Scholar
4Mehana, H, West, CM, Nutting, C, Paleri, V. Head and neck cancer – part 2: treatment and prognostic factors. BMJ 2010;341:c4690CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Jackson, CR, Shuman, AG, Hogikyan, ND. A critical review of head and neck cancer screening. Eur J Clin Med Oncol 2011;3:3341Google Scholar
6Wilson, JM, Jungner, G. Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1968Google ScholarPubMed
7Population screening programmes – guidance. Evidence and recommendations: NHS population screening. In: www.screening.nhs.uk/criteria [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
8Rose, G, Barker, D. Epidemiology for the uninitiated. Screening. Br Med J 1978;2:1417–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Gourin, CG, Kaboli, KC, Blume, EJ, Nance, MA, Koch, WM. Characteristics of participants in a free oral, head and neck cancer screening program. Laryngoscope 2009;119:679–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Shuman, AG, Entezami, P, Chernin, AS, Wallace, NE, Taylor, JM, Hogikyan, ND. Demographics and efficacy of head and neck cancer screening. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;143:353–60CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Nunn, H, Lalli, A, Fortune, F, Croucher, R. Oral cancer screening in the Bangladeshi community of Tower Hamlets: a social model. Br J Cancer 2009;101:S6872CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12O'Sullivan, EM. International variation in the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Community Dent Health 2008;25:148–53Google ScholarPubMed
13Cowan, CG, Gregg, TA, Kee, F. Trends in the incidence of histologically diagnosed intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma in Northern Ireland, 1975–89. Br Dent J 1992;173:231–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Gregg, TA, Cowan, CG, Kee, F. Trends in the relative frequency of histologically diagnosed epithelial dysplasia and intra-oral carcinoma in Northern Ireland, 1975–1989. Br Dent J 1992;173:234–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Oxford Cancer Intelligence Unit. Profile of Head and Neck Cancers in England: Incidence, Mortality and Survival. Oxford: Oxford Cancer Intelligence Unit, 2010Google Scholar
16National Cancer Registry Ireland. In: www.ncri.ie [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
17National Cancer Registry Ireland. Cancer Trends - Cancers of the head and neck, July 2011. In: http://www.ncri.ie/sites/ncri/files/pubs/CancerTrendsNo.10-CancersoftheHeadandNeck.pdf [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
18Decker, J, Goldstein, JC. Risk factors in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 1982;306:1151–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Goldenberg, D, Benoit, NE, Begum, S, Westra, WH, Cohen, Y, Koch, WM et al. Epstein-Barr virus in head and neck cancer assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Laryngoscope 2004;114:1027–31CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Brocklehurst, P, Kujan, O, Glenny, AM, Oliver, R, Sloan, P, Ogden, G et al. Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(11):CD004150Google Scholar
21Conway, DI, Petticrew, M, Marlborough, H, Berthiller, J, Hashibe, M, Macpherson, LM. Socioeconomic inequalities and oral cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Cancer 2008;122:2811–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Hashibe, M, Jacob, BJ, Thomas, G, Ramadas, K, Mathew, B, Sankaranarayanan, R et al. Socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors and oral premalignant lesions. Oral Oncol 2003;39:664–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Marur, S, D'Souza, G, Westra, WH, Forastiere, AA. HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related epidemic. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:781–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Ang, KK, Harris, J, Wheeler, R, Weber, R, Rosenthal, DI, Nguyen-Tan, PF et al. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2435CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25American Cancer Society. In: www.cancer.org [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
26Chien, YC, Chen, JY, Liu, MY, Yang, HI, Hsu, MM, Chen, CJ et al. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwanese men. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1877–82CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Chen, L, Gallicchio, L, Boyd-Lindsley, K, Tao, XG, Robinson, KA, Lam, TK et al. Alcohol consumption and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Nutr Cancer 2009;61:115CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Foreman, K, Lim, S, Shibuya, K, Aboyans, V et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2095–128CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Hjalgrim, H, Friborg, J, Melbye, M. The epidemiology of EBV and its association with malignant disease. In: Arvin, A, Campadelli-Fiume, G, Mocarski, E, Moore, PS, Roizman, B, Whitley, R et al. , eds. Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007;929–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Royal College of Pathologists. Standards and Datasets for Reporting Cancers: Datasets for Histopathology Reports on Head and Neck Carcinomas and Salivary Neoplasms, 2nd edn.London: Royal College of Pathologists, 2005Google Scholar
31US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd edn.Washington, DC: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1996Google Scholar
32Prevention Committee – American Head and Neck Society: Position Statement on Screening for Head and Neck Cancer. In: http://www.ahns.info/documents/FinalScreeningPositionStatementPreventionCommitteFIN..pdf?8a5c02 [21 October 2015]Google Scholar
33Lingen, ML, Kalmar, JR, Karrison, T, Speight, PM. Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2008;44:1022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Sankaranarayanan, R, Ramadas, K, Thomas, G, Muwonqe, R, Thara, S, Matthew, B et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1927–33CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Warnakulasuriya, KA, Ekanayake, AN, Sivayoham, J, Stjernsward, J, Pindborg, JJ, Sobin, LH et al. Utilization of primary health care workers for early detection of oral cancer and precancer cases in Sri Lanka. Bull World Health Organ 1984;62:243–50Google ScholarPubMed
36Warnakulasuriya, KA, Nanayakkara, BG. Reproducibility of an oral cancer and precancer detection program using a primary health care model in Sri Lanka. Cancer Detect Prev 1991;15:331–4Google ScholarPubMed
37Mehta, FS, Gupta, PC, Bhonsle, RB, Murti, PR, Daftary, DK, Pindborg, JJ. Detection of oral cancer using basic health workers in an area of high oral cancer incidence in India. Cancer Detect Prev 1986;9:219–25Google Scholar
38Mathew, B, Sankaranarayan, R, Sunilkumar, KB, Kuruvila, B, Pisani, P, Nair, MK. Reproducibility and validity of oral visual inspection by trained health workers in the detection of oral precancer and cancer. Br J Cancer 1997;76:390–4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39Mathew, B, Wesley, R, Dutt, SC, Amma, S, Sreekumar, C. Cancer screening by local volunteers. World Health Forum 1995;17:377–8Google Scholar
40Sankaranarayanan, R. Health care auxiliaries in the detection and prevention of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 1997;33:149–54CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Frenández Garrote, L, Sankaranarayanan, R, Lence Anta, JJ, Rodriguez Salvá, A, Maxwell Parkin, D. An evaluation of the oral cancer control program in Cuba. Epidemiology 1995;6:428–31CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42Santana, JC, Delgado, L, Miranda, J, Sánchez, M. Oral Cancer Case Finding Program (OCCFP). Oral Oncol 1997;33:1012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Croucher, R, Islam, S, Jarvis, MJ, Garrett, M, Rahman, R, Shajahan, S et al. Oral tobacco cessation with UK resident Bangladeshi women: a community pilot investigation. Health Educ Res 2003;18:216–23CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Hapner, E, Wise, J. Results of a large-scale head and neck cancer screening of an at-risk population. J Voice 2011;25:480–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Shuman, AG, McKiernan, JT, Thomas, D, Patel, P, Palmer, FL, Shaffer, BT et al. Outcomes of a head and neck cancer screening clinic. Oral Oncol 2013;49:1136–40CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46O'Sullivan, EM. Prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities in addiction treatment centre residents in Southern Ireland. Oral Oncol 2011;47:395–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47O'Sullivan, EM. Learning by doing: a practicum for head and neck cancer. In: Integrative Learning: International Research and Practice. New York: Routledge, 2015;261–74Google Scholar
48MacCarthy, D, McAlister, C, O'Sullivan, E. Mouth, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Campaign in Ireland. J Ir Dent Assoc 2014;60:164Google ScholarPubMed