Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T21:54:38.397Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2013

S A Sara ,
B M Teh  and
P Friedland
S A Sara*
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
B M Teh
Affiliation:
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Otolaryngology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Ear Science Institute Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
P Friedland
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Ear Science Institute Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Sergio A Sara, Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Av, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction:

Unilateral and bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss represent different disease entities. The unilateral condition is more common and predominantly idiopathic, and up to 65 per cent of patients spontaneously recover hearing. Conversely, the bilateral condition is rare, mostly associated with serious systemic conditions, and has a higher prevalence of morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

A literature search using the PubMed database was conducted using the MeSH terms ‘sudden’, ‘bilateral’ and ‘sensorineural hearing loss’.

Results:

One hundred and three reported cases of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss were identified. The condition is most often associated with toxic, autoimmune, neoplastic and vascular conditions. A younger age of onset, with a bimodal age distribution, was seen for bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, compared with the unilateral condition. Patients with the bilateral condition had more profound hearing loss, with poorer recovery and a 35 per cent mortality rate. Vestibular symptoms were also less common than in the unilateral condition.

Conclusion:

The presentation of bilateral sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss is a medical emergency requiring thorough and urgent investigation to exclude life-threatening and reversible conditions.

Keywords

Hearing Loss, SuddenHearing Loss, SensorineuralHearing Loss, Bilateral
Type
Review Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 128 , Supplement S1 , January 2014 , pp. S8 - S15
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Presented at the Australian Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Annual Scientific Meeting, 16–20 March 2013, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

References

1Stachler, RJ, Chandrasekhar, SS, Archer, SM, Rosenfeld, RM, Schwartz, SR, Barrs, DM et al. Clinical practice guideline: sudden hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;146(suppl 3):S1–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Schreiber, BE, Agrup, C, Haskard, DO, Luxon, LM. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Lancet 2010;375:1203–11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Rosseau, GL, Jannetta, PJ, Hirsch, B, Moller, MB, Moller, AR. Restoration of useful hearing after microvascular decompression of the cochlear nerve. Am J Otol 1993;14:392–7Google ScholarPubMed
4Kuhn, M, Heman-Ackah, SE, Shaikh, JA, Roehm, PC. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Trends Amplif 2011;15:91–105CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5De Kleyn, A. Sudden complete or partial loss of function of the octavus system in apparently normal persons. Acta Otolaryngol 1944;32:407–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Davis, A. The prevalence of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability among adults in Great Britain. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:911–17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Rauch, SD. Clinical practice. Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. N Engl J Med 2008;359:833–40CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Fetterman, BL, Luxford, WM, Saunders, JE. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 1996;106:1347–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Oh, JH, Park, K, Lee, SJ, Shin, YR, Choung, YH. Bilateral versus unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;136:87–91CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Xenellis, J, Nikolopoulos, TP, Stavroulaki, P, Marangoudakis, P, Androulakis, M, Tsangaroulakis, M et al. Simultaneous and sequential bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: are they different from unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2007;69:306–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Hsu, KF, Yeh, CL, Huang, GH, Chang, HC, Tang, SH. Aberrant central venous catheter-bilateral superior vena cava. J Trauma 2010;69:E108Google ScholarPubMed
12Karelle, S, Demanez, L, Zangerle, PF, Blaise, P, Moonen, G, Poirrier, AL. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: when ophthalmology meets otolaryngology. B-ENT 2012;8:135–9Google ScholarPubMed
13Lee, EJ, Yoon, YJ. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss as an initial presentation of myelodysplastic syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol 2012;33:782–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Lee, EJ, Yang, YS, Yoon, YJ. Case of bilateral pneumolabyrinth presenting as sudden, bilateral deafness, without temporal bone fracture, after a fall. J Laryngol Otol 2012;126:717–20CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Novo, A, Pinto, S, Prior, AC, Alvares, S, Soares, T, Guedes, M. Kawasaki disease and sensorineural hearing loss: an (un)expected complication. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171:851–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Shibata, K, Matsui, K, Ito, H, Ito, E, Nishimura, Y, Kondo, H et al. Bilateral intracranial vertebral artery dissection presenting as sudden bilateral hearing loss. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012;114:1266–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Takazawa, T, Ikeda, K, Murata, K, Kawase, Y, Hirayama, T, Ohtsu, M et al. Sudden deafness and facial diplegia in Guillain-Barre syndrome: radiological depiction of facial and acoustic nerve lesions. Intern Med 2012;51:2433–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Alpa, M, Bucolo, S, Beatrice, F, Giachino, O, Roccatello, D. Apheresis as rescue therapy in a severe case of sudden hearing loss. Int J Artif Organs 2011;34:589–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Antonopoulos, S, Balatsouras, DG, Kanakaki, S, Dona, A, Spiliopoulou, C, Giannoulis, G. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss caused by alcohol abuse and heroin sniffing. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012;39:305–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Galanopoulos, G, Rapti, D, Nikolopoulos, I, Lambidis, C. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after varicose vein surgery under general anesthesia. Case report. G Chir 2011;32:385–7Google ScholarPubMed
21Schweitzer, VG, Darrat, I, Stach, BA, Gray, E. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss following polysubstance narcotic overdose. J Am Acad Audiol 2011;22:208–14Google ScholarPubMed
22Shaw, KA, Babu, KM, Hack, JB. Methadone, another cause of opioid-associated hearing loss: a case report. J Emerg Med 2011;41:635–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Son, HJ, Joh, JH, Kim, WJ, Chin, JH, Choi, DK, Lee, EH et al. Temporary bilateral sensorineural hearing loss following cardiopulmonary bypass – a case report. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011;61:162–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Ciorba, A, Bovo, R, Castiglione, A, Pirodda, A, Martini, A. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss as an unusual consequence of accidental ingestion of potassium hydroxide. Med Princ Pract 2010;19:406–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Huang, HH, Huang, CC, Hsueh, PY, Lee, TJ. Bilateral sudden deafness following H1N1 vaccination. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;143:849–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Marchese, MR, La Greca, C, Conti, G, Paludetti, G. Sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss caused by meningeal carcinomatosis secondary to occult malignancy: report of two cases. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010;37:515–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Mun, SK, Hong, YH, Kang, SH, Hwang, SN. A case of temporal intracerebral hemorrhage that presented with sudden bilateral hearing loss as the initial symptom. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2010;48:438–40CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Nair, EL, Cienkowski, KM, Michaelides, E. The impact of sudden hearing loss secondary to heroin overdose on fitting outcomes. Am J Audiol 2010;19:86–90CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Ciorba, A, Bovo, R, Prosser, S, Martini, A. Considerations on the physiopathological mechanism of inner ear damage induced by intravenous cocaine abuse: cues from a case report. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009;36:213–17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Ohno, T, Yokoyama, Y, Aihara, R, Mochiki, E, Asao, T, Kuwano, H. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss as the presenting symptom of meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer: report of a case. Surg Today 2010;40:561–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Deroee, AF, Huang, TC, Morita, N, Hojjati, M. Sudden hearing loss as the presenting symptom of systemic sclerosis. Otol Neurotol 2009;30:277–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Hong, RS, Woodson, EA, Hansen, MR. Neurolymphomatosis mimicking chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. Otol Neurotol 2009;30:566–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Hunchaisri, N. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss following unilateral temporal bone fracture. J Med Assoc Thai 2009;92(suppl 3):S76–9Google ScholarPubMed
34Mace, AD, Ferguson, MS, Offer, M, Ghufoor, K, Wareing, MJ. Bilateral profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss presenting a diagnostic conundrum in a child with sickle cell anaemia. J Laryngol Otol 2009;123:811–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Son, HJ, Ulualp, SO. Course of auditory impairment in Cogan's syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol 2009;30:65–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Stenner, M, Sturmer, K, Beutner, D, Klussmann, JP. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after intravenous cocaine injection: a case report and review of the literature. Laryngoscope 2009;119:2441–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Suzuki, Y, Ogawa, H, Baba, Y, Suzuki, T, Yamada, N, Omori, K. Cochlear implantation in a case of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to mumps. Fukushima J Med Sci 2009;55:32–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Fowler, CG, King, JL. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss following speedballing. J Am Acad Audiol 2008;19:461–4Google ScholarPubMed
39van Gaalen, FA, Compier, EA, Fogteloo, AJ. Sudden hearing loss after a methadone overdose. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009;266:773–4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Wang, JG, Xie, QB, Yang, NP, Yin, G. Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case with bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Rheumatol Int 2009;29:467–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Bovo, R, Ortore, R, Ciorba, A, Berto, A, Martini, A. Bilateral sudden profound hearing loss and vertigo as a unique manifestation of bilateral symmetric inferior pontine infarctions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2007;116:407–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42Dursun, E, Dogru, S, Cincik, H, Cekin, E, Gungor, A, Poyrazoglu, E. Iloprost-induced sudden hearing loss. J Laryngol Otol 2007;121:609–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Im, GJ, Jung, HH. Side selection for cochlear implantation in a case of Cogan's syndrome. J Laryngol Otol 2008;122:310–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Johnson, K, Sargent, LA, Galizio, C, Ubogu, EE. Interferon-alpha-2b/ribavirin-induced vestibulocochlear toxicity with dysautonomia in a chronic hepatitis C patient. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:1110–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Piekarska, A, Jozefowicz-Korczynska, M, Wojcik, K, Berkan, E. Sudden hearing loss in chronic hepatitis C patient suffering from Turner syndrome, treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Int J Audiol 2007;46:345–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Schrock, A, Jakob, M, Wirz, S, Bootz, F. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after heroin injection. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008;265:603–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Chao, TK. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after rapid reduction of blood pressure in malignant hypertension. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004;113:73–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48Gasparetto, EL, de Carvalho Neto, A, Warszawiak, D, Bruck, I, Antoniuk, S, dos Santos, LH. Unusual magnetic resonance findings in two children with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005;63:969–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Iwasaki, S, Nagura, M, Mizuta, K. Cochlear implantation in a patient with eosinophilic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2006;263:365–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Jariengprasert, C, Laothamatas, J, Janwityanujit, T, Phudhichareonrat, S. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss as a presentation of metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary mimicking cerebellopontine angle tumor on the magnetic resonance image. Am J Otolaryngol 2006;27:143–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51Jeffs, GJ, Lee, GY, Wong, GT. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: an unusual cause of sudden onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. J Clin Neurosci 2006;13:116–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52Kumakiri, K, Sakamoto, T, Karahashi, T, Mineta, H, Takebayashi, S. A case of relapsing polychondritis preceded by inner ear involvement. Auris Nasus Larynx 2005;32:71–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53Mahasitthiwat, V. A woman with sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after treatment psoriasis with acitretin. J Med Assoc Thai 2005;88(suppl 1):S79–81Google ScholarPubMed
54Maruyoshi, H, Toyama, K, Kojima, S, Kawano, H, Ogata, N, Miyamoto, S et al. Sensorineural hearing loss combined with Takayasu's arteritis. Intern Med 2005;44:124–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55Healy, DG, Wood, NW. Clinical picture of bilateral vestibular schwannomas, sudden bilateral hearing loss, and aviation. Neurology 2004;63:933CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56Kalcioglu, MT, Kuku, I, Kaya, E, Oncel, S, Aydogdu, I. Bilateral hearing loss during vincristine therapy: a case report. J Chemother 2003;15:290–2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57Klemens, JJ, Perkins, J, Redleaf, M. Sudden bilateral deafness. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004;113:169–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58Lee, H, Whitman, GT, Lim, JG, Yi, SD, Cho, YW, Ying, S et al. Hearing symptoms in migrainous infarction. Arch Neurol 2003;60:113–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59Lee, H, Yi, HA, Baloh, RW. Sudden bilateral simultaneous deafness with vertigo as a sole manifestation of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:539–41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60Sauvaget, E, Kici, S, Petelle, B, Kania, R, Chabriat, H, Herman, P et al. Vertebrobasilar occlusive disorders presenting as sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 2004;114:327–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
61Papadakis, CE, Hajiioannou, JK, Kyrmizakis, DE, Bizakis, JG. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss caused by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Laryngol Otol 2003;117:399–401CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62Mimura, T, Amano, S, Nagahara, M, Oshika, T, Tsushima, K, Nakanishi, N et al. Corneal endotheliitis and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;133:699–700CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Salvinelli, F, Casale, M, Vincenzi, B, Santini, D, Di Peco, V, Firrisi, L et al. Bilateral irreversible hearing loss associated with the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy: a unusual side effect. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2003;22:155–8Google ScholarPubMed
64Werneck, AL, Gurgel, LC, de Mello, LM, de Albuquerque, GQ. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case report supporting the immunologic theory. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003;61:1018–22CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65Toyoda, K, Hirano, T, Kumai, Y, Fujii, K, Kiritoshi, S, Ibayashi, S. Bilateral deafness as a prodromal symptom of basilar artery occlusion. J Neurol Sci 2002;193:147–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Akkuzu, B, Fisiloglu, AG, Ozluoglu, L, Can, U. Sudden cortical hearing loss for speech: a case report. Ear Hear 2001;22:14–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67Ishiyama, A, Ishiyama, G, Baloh, RW, Evans, CJ. Heroin-induced reversible profound deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Addiction 2001;96:1363–4Google ScholarPubMed
68Lavi, ES, Sklar, EM. Enhancement of the eighth cranial nerve and labyrinth on MR imaging in sudden sensorineural hearing loss associated with human herpesvirus 1 infection: case report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:1380–2Google ScholarPubMed
69Lee, H, Whitman, GT, Lim, JG, Lee, SD, Park, YC. Bilateral sudden deafness as a prodrome of anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1287–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70Sharma, K, Goswami, SC, Baruah, DK. Use of intratympanic steroid as a primary treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. J Indian Med Assoc 2010;108:148, 150, 155Google ScholarPubMed
71Tsunoda, K, Akaogi, J, Ohya, N, Murofushi, T. Sensorineural hearing loss as the initial manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa. J Laryngol Otol 2001;115:311–12CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
72Uppal, HS, Ayshford, CA, Wilson, F. Sudden onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss: a manifestation of occult breast carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol 2001;115:907–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73Watanabe, K, Nishimaki, T, Yoshida, M, Shinzawa, J, Yoshioka, R, Suzuki, S et al. Atypical Cogan's syndrome successfully treated with corticosteroids and pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Fukushima J Med Sci 2000;46:49–54CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74Oh, AK, Ishiyama, A, Baloh, RW. Deafness associated with abuse of hydrocodone/acetaminophen. Neurology 2000;54:2345CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
75Sunose, H, Toshima, M, Mitani, S, Suzuki, M, Yoshida, F, Takasaka, T. Sudden bilateral hearing loss and dizziness occurred with cerebellar infarction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:146–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76Bachmeyer, C, Leclerc-Landgraf, N, Laurette, F, Coutarel, P, Cadranel, JF, Medioni, J et al. Acute autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss associated with Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:2565–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
77Davison, SP, Marion, MS. Sensorineural hearing loss caused by NSAID-induced aseptic meningitis. Ear Nose Throat J 1998;77:820–1, 4–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78de la Cruz, M, Bance, M. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss following non-otologic surgery. J Laryngol Otol 1998;112:769–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
79Min, DI, Ku, YM, Rayhill, S, Corwin, C, Wu, YM, Hunsicker, LG. Sudden hearing loss associated with tacrolimus in a kidney-pancreas allograft recipient. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:891–3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80Veling, MC, Windmill, I, Bumpous, JM. Sudden hearing loss as a presenting manifestation of leukemia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:954–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
81Deplanque, D, Godefroy, O, Guerouaou, D, Laureau, E, Desaulty, A. Sudden bilateral deafness: lateral inferior pontine infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:817–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82Sargent, EW, Beck, DL. Cochlear implantation in sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Nose Throat J 1998;77:300–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
83Unal, M, Katircioglu, S, Karatay, MC, Suoglu, Y, Erdamar, B, Aslan, I. Sudden total bilateral deafness due to asymptomatic mumps infection. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998;45:167–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84Imamura, S, Nozawa, I, Imamura, M, Murakami, Y. Clinicopathologic study of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis involving the temporal bone. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:674–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
85Gaffney, RJ, McShane, DP. Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis camouflaged by corticosteroid treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Ir J Med Sci 1996;165:151–2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
86Suzuki, Y, Kaga, K, Sugiuchi, Y, Ishii, T, Suzuki, J, Takiguchi, T. Sudden bilateral hearing loss due to gastric carcinoma and its histological evidence. J Laryngol Otol 1997;111:1142–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
87Genden, EM, Bahadori, RS. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss as a first symptom of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;113:499–501CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
88Cote, DN, Molony, TB, Waxman, J, Parsa, D. Cogan's syndrome manifesting as sudden bilateral deafness: diagnosis and management. South Med J 1993;86:1056–60CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
89Grimaldi, LM, Luzi, L, Martino, GV, Furlan, R, Nemni, R, Antonelli, A et al. Bilateral eighth cranial nerve neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Neurol 1993;240:363–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
90Houck, JR, Murphy, K. Sudden bilateral profound hearing loss resulting from meningeal carcinomatosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;106:92–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
91Buhrer, C, Weinel, P, Sauter, S, Reiter, A, Riehm, H, Laszig, R. Acute onset deafness in a 4-year-old girl after a single infusion of cis-platinum. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1990;7:145–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
92O'Keeffe, LJ, Maw, AR. Sudden total deafness in sickle cell disease. J Laryngol Otol 1991;105:653–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
93Pace-Balzan, A, Ramsden, RT. Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss during treatment with dantrolene sodium (dantrium). J Laryngol Otol 1988;102:57–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
94Bitnun, S, Rakover, Y, Rosen, G. Acute bilateral total deafness complicating mumps. J Laryngol Otol 1986;100:943–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
95Chapman, P. Naproxen and sudden hearing loss. J Laryngol Otol 1982;96:163–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
96Maslan, MJ, Graham, MD, Flood, LM. Cryptococcal meningitis: presentation as sudden deafness. Am J Otol 1985;6:435–7Google ScholarPubMed
97Wang, LP. Sudden bilateral hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia. A case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986;30:412–13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
98Polpathapee, S, Attanatho, V, Ratanamanechat, S, Tientavorn, V. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss in motor-tricyclists. J Med Assoc Thai 1982;65:528–31Google Scholar
99Anniko, M, Hirsch, A. Bilateral reversible sudden deafness. A case report. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1978;221:1–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
100Colclasure, JB, Graham, SS. Intracranial aneurysm occurring as sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1981;89:283–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
101Eden, AR, Cummings, FR. Sudden bilateral hearing loss and meningitis in adults. J Otolaryngol 1978;7:304–9Google ScholarPubMed
102Alberts, MC, Terrence, CF. Hearing loss in carcinomatous meningitis. J Laryngol Otol 1978;92:233–41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
103Harell, M, Shea, JJ, Emmett, JR. Bilateral sudden deafness following combined insecticide poisoning. Laryngoscope 1978;88:1348–51CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
104Moffat, DA, Ramsden, RT. Profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss during gentamicin therapy. J Laryngol Otol 1977;91:511–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
105Yanagita, N, Murahashi, K. Bilateral simultaneous sudden deafness. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1987;244:7–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
106Chau, JK, Lin, JR, Atashband, S, Irvine, RA, Westerberg, BD. Systematic review of the evidence for the etiology of adult sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 2010;120:1011–21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
107Ohta, F, Monju, T, Nakano, K, Tanimoto, S. Simultaneous bilateral sudden deafness. Audiol Jpn 1970;13:138–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
108Agarwal, L, Pothier, DD. Vasodilators and vasoactive substances for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD003422CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
109Awad, Z, Huins, C, Pothier, DD. Antivirals for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;(8):CD006987CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed