1The Times, Supplement on The National Health Service, First Ten Years, 7th 07, 1958.Google Scholar

2The Board of Governors were individually appointed by the Minister of Health, following nominations from the former Hospitals Board of Management, medical staff and the University of London. The Board of Governors was E.E. Taylor, Mrs Arthur Rye, Mrs Clare Turquet, L.D. Lewis, F.C. Ormerod, J.R. Rosselli, N. Asherson, F.R. Eiloart, W.S. McKenzie, A.W. Scott, S.A. Beards, G. Gill-Carey, F.N. Hornsby, T.H. Lawley.Google Scholar

3 The Teaching Hospitals Association was set up in 1949 for all hospitals designated as teaching hospitals under the NHS Act of 1946. There were 36 hospitals in membership, 14 of whom were London postgraduate teaching hospitals.Google Scholar

4Professor Ormerod published Tuberculosis of the Upper Respiratory Tract, in 1939 but his main interest lay in the management of malignant disease of the head and neck. Nature, 4th 03, 1967, 213.Google Scholar

Professor Ormerod published Institute of Laryngology and Otology and Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Reports, 16: 1965–1966, p. viii.Google Scholar

5 £30,000 would be equivalent to about £534,000 today, not a generous sum with which to integrate two hospitals into a new building.Google Scholar

6Minutes of the Board of Governors, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, 22nd 06 1948.Google Scholar

7Foot, M. (1973) Aneurin Bevan, Davis-Poynter, London, vol. 2 1945–1960, p 137.Google Scholar

8 This was the Albion Print Works and paper store. It has always been alleged that this was the publishing office of the Communist Party but I cannot find any proof of this.Google Scholar

9Annual Report, The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, 1947.Google Scholar

10Year-book, The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, 1950, p 12.Google Scholar

11 The armorial bearings and supporters were granted to the Board of Governors by the College of Arms 28th 09 1951.Google Scholar

12 The statue was commissioned from Cecil Thomas and exhibited at the 1955 Summer Exhibition at the Royal Academy.Google Scholar

13Horne, J. (1928) The Patron saint of laryngology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, p 1021–1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

14Lucas, H. A., Whetnall, E. (1952) Changes in the internal ear and VHIth nerve in fatal cases of tuberculosis meningitis treated by streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 45: 779.Google Scholar

15Institute of Laryngology and Otology and Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Reports. (1952) Headley Bros, London, p 273.Google Scholar

16Shea, J. J. Jr (1960) Vein graft closure of eardrum perforations. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 74: 358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

17MrBull, T. R. went as a visiting Fellow to John Shea of Memphis Tennessee in 1964 and from there to Jamaica where he carried out the first stapedectomies in Jamaica.Google Scholar

18Reports op. cit. note 15, 1952, p 275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19Bull, T., Cook, J. (1976) Speech Therapy and ENT Surgery, Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.Google Scholar

20MissJohns, personal interview, 1988.Google Scholar

21Friedmann, I. (1974) The Pathology of the Ear, Blackwell Scientific, London.Google Scholar

22Michaels, L. (1984) Pathology of the Larynx, Springer Verlag, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

23Radcliffe, A. Personal correspondence, 12th 09 1991.Google Scholar

24 This visit was to gain practical information for the daily working and future planning of the Hospital and Institute and was financed by the Rockefeller Foundation.Google Scholar

25Weir, N. (1990) Otolaryngology An Illustrated History, Butterworths, London, p 97.Google Scholar

26Central London, Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Annual Report, 1935.Google Scholar

27Scott Stevenson, R., Guthrie, D. (1949) A History of Oto-Laryngology, Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 78.Google Scholar

28Spencer, Tracey, the American film star, was a spectator at this event as Edith Whetnall had visited Mrs Tracey's clinic for preschool deaf children earlier in 1953.Google Scholar

29Year Bookop. cit., note 10, 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

30Year Bookop. cit., note 10, 1959.Google Scholar

31 An early example of this is a headmaster from Kenya who returned to train teachers of the deaf.Google Scholar

32Reports (1955) The Institute of Laryngology and Otology and The Royal National Throat, Nose and E a r Hospital.Google Scholar

33Fisch, L. (1953) Hearing Aids, Medicine Illustrated, pp 362–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

34Weir, op. cit., note 27, p 97.Google Scholar

35Whetnall, E., Fry, D. B. (1964) The Deaf Child. William Heinemann Medical Books, London.Google Scholar

36 The dyspraxia programme uses a manual and 450 work sheets to enable speech therapists to assess the speech disorder and plan individual treatment for each child.Google Scholar

37Scott Stevenson, , op. cit. note 27, p 126.Google Scholar

38Webster, C. (1988) The Health Services Since the War, vol. 1, Problems of Health Care. The National Health Service before 1957. HMSO, London, p 398.Google Scholar

39Reports, op. cit., note 32, vol. 15, 1964–1965.Google Scholar

40MrBeagley, C. A. joined the Hospital in 1965 and retired some 20 years later after pioneering the use of the auditory brainstem test carried out with a portable piece of equipment developed with the aid of a young technician (Robert Royston).Google Scholar

41Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included A neurological, ophthalmological and otological survey of a suburban Jamaican community. West Indies Medical Journal, 16: p 233Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Report on Audiology in India, Sound (1968) 2: p 2Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Prevalence of ear disease in schoolchildren in Israel, Sound (1971) 5: p 97Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Hearing levels in Nigerian ataxic neuropathy, Audiology (1972) 11: p 218Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Some geographical aspects of neuro-otology with particular reference to the African, African Journal of Medical Science (1982) 3: 137Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Arabic speech audiometry, Audiology (1974) 13: 212Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Study visit to Japan, Report to the Royal Society (unpublished) (1975)Google Scholar

Professor Hinchcliffe's international work (1967) included Subjective magnitude of auditory handicap in Thailand, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand (1978) 61: 452–457. He produced some 150 publications by 1983 greatly widening the information available on audiological problems. Much of his work after 1975 was combined with that of Dr S.D.G. Stephens.Google Scholar

42Knight, J. J. joined in 1963 and was awarded the O B E for his contribution to development in the study of occupational deafness and the development of hearing aids.Google Scholar

43Professor Kemp's otoacoustic analyser for neonates researched at the Hospital since 1964 finally received a Queens Award in 1994.Google Scholar

44 Personal interview with Mr Graham Fraser, 1993.Google Scholar

45MrsBiofeld, was dedicated to the development of the Hospital and persisted with the DHSS to ensure completion of the Audiology Centre. After her death she left a sum of money to t he Hospital, the interest of which is used to fund the annual Nan Biofeld Fellowship - a one year research fellowship of £10,000 to a junior doctor, scientist or nurse within the Hospital.Google Scholar

46London medical education. A new framework: report of a working party on medical and dental teaching resources. (Chairman: Lord Flowers). Published as London Health Planning Consortium. Towards a Balance. DHSS, London, 1980.Google Scholar

47Rivett, G. (1986) The Development of the London Hospital System 1823–1982, King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, p 335.Google Scholar

48Webster, op. cit., note 38, p 23.Google Scholar

49Webster, , op. cit., note 38, p 140.Google Scholar

50Pavey, A. E. (1953) The Story of the Growth of Nursing. Faber and Faber, London, p 362.Google Scholar

51King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, April 1953, Letter to Hospital on a Management Course for Sisters. Hospital Archives, Gray's Inn Road.Google Scholar

52Year Book (1952) op. cit., note 10, p 18.Google Scholar

53Year Book, 1960 p 19Google Scholar

Year Book, 1960 p 19 Miss Clinton who arrived at the Hospital to take up the post of Matron in 1971 did not approve of this elitist system and took the opportunity to drop the ‘best nurse’ badge.Google Scholar

54 Personal communication, Sister Anna Serra, Nurse Tutor at the RNTNE Hospital, 10 1994.Google Scholar

55Pavey, , op. cit., note 50, p 497.Google Scholar

56Granshaw, L. (1985) St Mark's Hospital, London. A social history of a specialist hospital. King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, p 402.Google Scholar

57Year Book (1965) op. cit., note 10, p 50.Google Scholar

58Progressive Patient Care (1962) Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service, HMSO, London, 21, p 218.Google Scholar

59 Personal communication with Miss J. Clinton, senior nursing officer at RNTNE Hospital, 1992.Google Scholar

60Bull and Cook, op. cit., note 19, pp 69–72.Google Scholar

61MissOldrey, was the Hospital's speech therapist from 1934–1950 and was followed by Miss Cook in 1950 who retired in 1994.Google Scholar

62 Personal anecdote, John Boxall, histopathologist, 1992.Google Scholar

63 Visiting of Children in Hospital, Fixed hours abandoned directive. Ministry of Health, letter dated 12th October 1964. Hospital archives, Gray's Inn Road.Google Scholar

64 The European Agreement on the Instruction and Education of Nurses. European Treaty Series No. 59, Strasbourg, 21st 12 1967.Google Scholar

65Serra, A., Bailey, C. M., Jackson, P. (1985) ENT Nursing, Butterworths, London.Google Scholar

66Leighton, S., Hadley, J. ‘The History of the Golden Square Hospital’ (in preparation).Google Scholar

67Scott-Brown, W. G. (1957) Otolaryngology, Butterworths, London. (2nd edn., 1965, 3rd edn., 1971, 4th edn., 1979, 5th edn., 1987, 6th edn., 1994, 7th edn., 1997).Google Scholar

68SirHenry, Wood. Fifty Years of the Proms. The British Broadcasting Corporation, undated, p 3.Google Scholar

69Radcliffe, , op. cit., note 23.Google Scholar

70Doey, W. (1991) Personal correspondence.Google Scholar

71Heanley, C. A. (1994) Personal correspondence.Google Scholar

72Ormerod, F. C. (1954) The management of cancer of the larynx. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 68: 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

73Centenary Year Book (1975) Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.Google Scholar

74MrBull, went initially to learn about the stapedectomy operation and was followed by Mr Cheesman.Google Scholar

75Stell, P. (1993) History of Surgery of the Upper Jaw. In Tumours of the Upper Jaw, (Harrison, D. F. N., Lund, V. J., eds.) Churchill Livingstone, London, p 11.Google Scholar

76Piff, C. (1985) Let's Face It. Gollancz, London.Google Scholar

77Croft, C. B. C. (1980) Sleep apnoea. Editorial, Clinical Otolaryngology 7: 214–219.Google Scholar

78MrCheesman's, A. D. great interest has been in surgical workshops and teaching sessions in the theatre. He inspired many junior doctors to achieve developments in their surgical techniques. His early publications include such aspects as Surgeon's Workshop; intra-vital staining as an aid to parotid gland surgery. Clinical Otolaryngology (1977) 3: 17–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

MrCheesman's, A. D. Changes in otologicalteaching following analysis of failures in surgical technique. Clinical Otolaryngology(1978) 3(3): 233–257 but his main workcontinues to be head and neck reconstruction after surgery and surgical methods to aid voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy on which he has published several papers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

79MrMcKelvie's, Peter first interest was in middle ear surgery, especially fenestration, and stapes surgery as a house surgeon in 1958. Interest in cryosurgery and the development of cryoprobes and the use of Teflon for vocal fold reparation is attributed to him. He has also published some 20 papers on different aspects of otorhinolaryngology.Google Scholar

80MrOmar, Shaheen did his early training at Guy's Hospital and was still part of the apprentice system of walking the wards. He regarded it as invaluable as he learnt by example. His experience in head and neck surgery was gained in Iowa, USA, where he acquired new techniques and procedures and came back to set up a head and neck oncology clinic at Guy's. He was also a member of the new Professorial Unit at t he RNTNE Hospital when he returned from the USA and was the first ENT surgeon to become actively engaged in thyroid surgery in t he UK.Google Scholar

81MrNavnit, Shah, an otologist, was interested mainly in paediatric procedures. He helped to set up the Portmann course for microsurgery and otology and oto-neurology in France with Professor Portmann. Mr Shah pioneered the use of videos as a teaching aid. He constantly invented ENT instruments and refined types of grommets in an effort to achieve the perfect device for children.Google Scholar

82MrTony, Bull initiated the Monday evening clinical meetings for ENT registrars in 1965 and ran t h em for 15 years. His early interest was in ear surgery but his finest work is in rhinology where he is the leading plastic surgeon for rhinoplasty and septoplasty – with 12 books (and numerous papers) to his name on this branch of ENT. Her an courses on facial plastic surgery through the Institute and utilized the growing use of videos for transmission of his theatre work.Google Scholar

83Harrison, D. F. N. (1980) The ENT Surgeon looks at t he orbit. Journal of Laryngology and Otology (Suppl 3): 1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

84MrDavid, Howard still performs the major head and neck operations within the Hospital combined with a dedicated teaching programme for both undergraduates and postgraduates.Google Scholar

85MissValerie, Lund (now Professor of Rhinology) pioneered endoscopic sinus surgery and revived research into rhinology at the Hospital.Google Scholar

86Harrison, D. F. N. (1964) The role of chemotherapy in advanced cancer of the head and neck. British Journal of Cancer 18: 74–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harrison, D. F. N. (1967) The use of hypothermia in the intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 81: 173–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

87DrLloyd's, G. A. S. originality in the field of radiology was recognized in 1971 by the British Institute of Radiology and his ongoing research into techniques to assist definition of tumours has been invaluable.Google Scholar

88Scott-Stevenson, and Guthrie, , op. cit., note 27, pp 99–100.Google Scholar

89Harrison, D. F. N. (1987) A century of British otorhinolaryngology. 1887–1987. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 101: pp 7–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

90Maulitz, C. R. (1993) The Pathological Tradition. In Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine. (Bynum, W.F., Porter, R.) vol. 1, pp 181–184.Google Scholar

91Scott-Stevenson, R. (1946) Morell Mackenzie, William Heinemann Medical Books, London, p 33.Google Scholar

92Gliddon, P. E. (1996) A Guide to Surgical Instruments. Downs Surgical, Sheffield, p 16.Google Scholar

93Robert, Russell joined the Hospital in 1957 and left in 1982.Google Scholar

94MrJames, J. Angell who had trained at the RNTNE Hospital, was among the first to use the microscope in surgery (Weir, op. cit., note 25, p 238) although it had been used since the early 1960s in t he USA.Google Scholar

95MrMcLay, was disappointed not to receive the Chair of Laryngology and Otology which was given to Mr Harrison and took up an appointment as consultant at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.Google Scholar

96Russell, R. J. (1973) A hydraulic device for the remote control of micro-manipulation: economically constructed. Biomedical Engineering 8(1): pp 14–19.Google Scholar

97 Mr Russell still makes these stoma buttons which are supplied to patients all over the world.Google Scholar

98 Research is still carried on by Robert Royston, the research assistant and Professor Kemp to continually refine and update this equipment.Google Scholar

99Cameron, H. C. (1954) Mr Guy's Hospital, Longmans, Green and Co, London, pp 142–143.Google Scholar

100 Granshaw, op. cit., note 56, pp 125–128.Google Scholar

101Great Britain, Ministry of Health and Department of Health for Scotland. Report of the inter-departmental committee on medical schools, (Chairman: Sir William Goodenough), HMSO, London, 1944.Google Scholar

102 Apparently there was some resistance to Professor Ormerod from Mr Ottie, the President of the RSM and Sir Victor Negus, the leading otolaryngologist of the era (who had trained at Golden Square) as he was not regarded as an academic.Google Scholar

103 University of London, Minutes of Senate Meeting, March 30th 1949, p 39.Google Scholar

104 The Deans of the Institute were: Mr C. Gill-Carey 1949–1960; Sir Cecil Hogg 1960–1965; Mr Maxwell Ellis 1965–1976; Professor L. Michaels 1976–1980; Mr R. Pracy 1980–1983; Mr P. McKelvie 1983–1988; Sir Donald Harrison 1989–1990, following which this post ceased.Google Scholar

105 The London Museum Service of Histopathology Collections in London in 1990 reported that ‘Due to lack of any auxilliary technical staff assigned to it, the collections have suffered from poor management and maintenance’. Baycroft, S. (1990) Histopathology Collections in London, London Museums Service, pp 16–17. The contents of the museum are now boxed up.Google Scholar

106 These publications were stopped in 1971 due to the high cost of publication and the report continued in a much abbreviated form ceasing altogether in 1985.Google Scholar

107Minutes, op. cit., note 6, 22nd May 1974.Google Scholar

108 It appears that no report has been retained by the University of London or the Institute of Laryngology and Otology on the Annan Committee findings. It is also not listed in the Parliamentary Papers.Google Scholar

109Annual Report, op. cit., note 8, 1981–1982. 109Google Scholar

110 Institute of Laryngology and Otology, Annual Report, 1981–1982.Google Scholar

111Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the cost of the National Health Service 1955–1956, Cmd. 9663 (Chairman C. W. Guillebaud), HMSO, London, 1956.Google Scholar

112The Teaching Hospitals Association (1954) Statement of Evidence submitted to the Committee of Enquiry into the cost of the National Health Service, THA, Lambeth Palace Road, London, Printers Cockayne.Google Scholar

113Report by the Principal for the Year 1963–64, (1964) University of London, Western Printers, Bristol, pp 32–33.Google Scholar

114 Correspondence between the Ministry of Health and the Hospital, August 1959, RNTNE Hospital Archives, Gray's Inn Road.Google Scholar

115Postgraduate Medical Education and the Specialties. With special reference to the problem in London. (1962) HMSO, London, p 1.Google Scholar

116Royal Commission on Medical Education 1965–1968 (1968) (Chairman Lord Todd), Cmnd 3569, HMSO, London.Google Scholar

117Minutes, op. cit., note 6, 1964.Google Scholar

118 Granshaw, op. cit., note 56, p 290.Google Scholar

119Joint Report of the Committee of Management of the Institute and Board of Governors of the Hospital, 18th June, 1969, Hospital Archives, Gray's Inn Road.Google Scholar

120 Mrs Nan Blofeld was the Chairman of the Board of Governors from 1970–1978 and was awarded a CBE in 1963 in recognition of her work in the Health Service. She was in the forefront of negotiations to maintain the status of specialist postgraduate hospitals within the health service. Obituary, The Times, 22nd February 1978.Google Scholar

121 Reports, op. cit., note 15, 1973–1974, vol. 21, p 1.Google Scholar

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123Minutes, op. cit., note 6, 1974.Google Scholar

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125Wellman, F., Palmer, P. (1975) (SCICON) The London Specialist Postgraduate Hospitals – a review and commentary on their future. King Edward's Hospital Fund for London.Google Scholar

126Abel-Smith, B. (1976) The Report of the Royal Commission on the NHS. The Rivers Lecture, (unpublished). Typed copy in RNTNE Hospital Archives, Gray's Inn Road.Google Scholar

127London Medical Education. Flowers Report, op. cit., note 46.Google Scholar

128Pauline, Ashley (Lady) Member of the Board of Governors 1974–1984. Husband Jack Ashley MP for Accrington had acquired deafness and they were campaigners for the deaf. They went on to set up the Hearing and Speech Trust Charity.Google Scholar

129 Camden and Islington Area Health Authority (Teaching), format of letter to staff regarding NHS reorganization transfer arrangements to the Bloomsbury Health Authority sent by Personnel Officer, January 1982, RNTNE Hospital Archives.Google Scholar

130 Personal communication with Mr David Howard, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.Google Scholar