Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T21:47:20.813Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A comprehensive review of otorhinolaryngological global health concerns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2019

Declan C Murphy
Declan C Murphy*
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Declan C Murphy, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

ENT disease prevalence, risk factors and treatment vary between developed and developing countries. Health provision, particularly disease prevention strategies and surgery, in developing countries is poor, manifesting as a high frequency of common and preventable diseases. Healthcare systems in developing countries are unsustainable, and the technological advances that provide ENT surgery with novel diagnostic and treatment opportunities are inaccessible.

Conclusion

A multifaceted approach is essential to improve the care of patients with ENT diseases in developing countries. Public health efforts must focus on educating the local community, reducing high-risk behaviours and decreasing the frequency of preventable diseases. Governments must be pressured to prioritise the funding of long-term, sustainable efforts with effective disease prevention strategies. Providing local healthcare professionals with high-quality ENT training so that self-sustaining and low-cost care can be delivered, mainly in a primary care setting, is key.

Keywords

Global HealthOtorhinolaryngology
Type
Review Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 133 , Issue 11 , November 2019 , pp. 930 - 935
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited, 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Dr D C Murphy takes responsibility for the integrity of the content of the paper

Presented at the ENT UK Spring Annual Meeting, 23 March 2018, York, UK, and winner of the ENT UK Student Essay Prize 2017.

References

1Beaglehole, R, Bonita, R. What is global health? Glob Health Action 2010;3Google Scholar
2World Health Organization. World Health Report: Global Public Health Threats in the 21st Century. In: https://www.who.int/whr/2007/overview/en/index1.html [1 September 2019]Google Scholar
3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Climate Effects on Health. In: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/effects/default.htm [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
4Crimmins, A, Balbus, J, Gamble, JL, Beard, CB, Bell, JE, Dodgen, D et al. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2016Google Scholar
5World Health Organization. Climate Change and Human Health: Protecting Health from Climate Change. Geneva: WHO, 2017Google Scholar
6Health Careers. Otorhinolaryngology (ear, nose and throat surgery, ENT). In: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/surgery/ear-nose-throat-surgery [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
7Chao, TE, Mandigo, M, Opoku-Anane, J, Maine, R. Systematic review of laparoscopic surgery in low- and middle-income countries: benefits, challenges, and strategies. Surg Endosc 2016;30:1–10Google Scholar
8American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngology in Global Health. In: http://www.entnet.org/content/otolaryngology-global-health [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
9World Health Organization. Prevention of Blindness and Deafness: Estimates. Geneva: WHO, 2012Google Scholar
10Swanepoel, D, Clark, JL. Hearing healthcare in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:11–17Google Scholar
11Graydon, K, Waterworth, C, Miller, H, Gunasekera, H. Global burden of hearing impairment and ear disease. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:18–25Google Scholar
12World Health Organization. Deafness and Hearing Loss. Geneva: WHO, 2017Google Scholar
13World Health Organization. WHO Global Estimates on Prevalence of Hearing Loss: Mortality and Burden of Diseases and Prevention of Blindness and Deafness. Geneva: WHO, 2012Google Scholar
14Olusanya, BO, Neumann, KJ, Saunders, JE. The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action. Bull World Health Organ 2014;92:367–73Google Scholar
15Jones, L, Bellis, MA, Wood, S, Hughes, K, McCoy, E, Eckley, L. Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet 2012;380:899–907Google Scholar
16World Federation of the Deaf. Know and Achieve Your Human Rights. Helsinki: WFD, 2016Google Scholar
17DeAntonio, R, Yarzabal, J-P, Cruz, JP, Schmidt, JE, Kleijnen, J. Epidemiology of otitis media in children from developing countries: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016;85:65–74Google Scholar
18Smith, MCF, Huins, C, Bhutta, M. Surgical treatment of chronic ear disease in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2018;133:49–58Google Scholar
19Brophy-Williams, S, Jarosz, K, Sommer, J, Leach, AJ, Morris, PS. Preventative and medical treatment of ear disease in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:59–72Google Scholar
20Orji, F. A survey of the burden of management of chronic suppurative otitis media in a developing country. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013;3:598–601Google Scholar
21Mushi, MF, Mwalutende, AE, Gilyoma, JM, Chalya, PL, Seni, J, Mirambo, MM. Predictors of disease complications and treatment outcome among patients with chronic suppurative otitis media attending a tertiary hospital, Mwanza Tanzania. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord 2016;16:1Google Scholar
22Schwela, D, Finegold, LS, Stewart, J. A strategic approach on environmental noise management in developing countries. In Griefahn, B, ed. Proceedings of the ICBEN 2008, Mashantucket, Connecticut, USA, July 21–25, 2008, the 9th Congress of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise: Noise as a Public Health Problem. Dortmund: International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise, 2008Google Scholar
23Clark, MPA, Westerberg, BD, Nakku, D, Carling, P. Education in ear and hearing care in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:3–10Google Scholar
24Bhutta, MF. Models of service delivery for ear and hearing care in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:39–48Google Scholar
25Health and Safety Executive. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. In: http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/regulations.htm [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
26Harris, MS, Dodson, EE. Hearing health access in developing countries. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;25:353–8Google Scholar
27Emerson, LP, Job, A, Abraham, V. A model for provision of ENT health care service at primary and secondary hospital level in a developing country. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:562643Google Scholar
28Mulwafu, W, Nyirenda, TE, Fagan, JJ, Bem, C, Mlumbe, K, Chitule, J. Initiating and developing clinical services, training and research in a low resource setting: the Malawi ENT experience. Trop Doct 2014;44:135–9Google Scholar
29World Health Organization. Micronutrient Deficiencies: Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Geneva: WHO, 2015Google Scholar
30World Health Organization. Air Pollution. Geneva: WHO, 2016Google Scholar
31Chen, B, Kan, H. Air pollution and population health: a global challenge. Environ Health Prev Med 2008;13:94–101Google Scholar
32Njoroge, GN, Bussmann, RW. Traditional management of ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases in Central Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2006;2:54Google Scholar
33Zhang, F, Xu, J, Zhang, Z, Meng, H, Wang, L, Lu, J. Ambient air quality and the effects of air pollutants on otolaryngology in Beijing. Environ Monit Assess 2015;187:495Google Scholar
34Sapkota, A, Gajalakshmi, V, Jetly, DH, Roychowdhury, S, Dikshit, RP, Brennan, P. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and risk of hypopharyngeal/laryngeal and lung cancers: a multicentric case-control study from India. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:321–8Google Scholar
35Gupta, B, Johnson, NW, Kumar, N. Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: a continuing challenge. Oncology 2016;91:13–23Google Scholar
36Aguilera, I, Pedersen, M, Garcia-Esteban, R, Ballester, F, Basterrechea, M, Esplugues, A. Early-life exposure to outdoor air pollution and respiratory health, ear infections, and eczema in infants from the INMA study. Environ Health Perspect 2013;121:387–92Google Scholar
37Altuğ, H, Gaga, EO, Döğeroğlu, T, Brunekreef, B, Hoek, G, Van Doorn, W. Effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory tract complaints and airway inflammation in primary school children. Sci Total Environ 2014;479–80:201–9Google Scholar
38Bhattacharyya, N, Shapiro, NL. Air quality improvement and the prevalence of frequent ear infections in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;142:242–6Google Scholar
39Joshi, P, Dutta, S, Chaturvedi, P, Nair, S. Head and neck cancers in developing countries. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2014;5:e0009Google Scholar
40Attar, E, Dey, S, Hablas, A, Seifeldin, IA, Ramadan, M, Rozek, LS. Head and neck cancer in a developing country: a population-based perspective across 8 years. Oral Oncol 2010;46:591–6Google Scholar
41Hashibe, M, Brennan, P, Chuang, SC, Boccia, S, Castellsague, X, Chen, C et al. Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:541–50Google Scholar
42Jandoo, T, Mehrotra, R. Tobacco control in India: present scenario and challenges ahead. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008;9:805–10Google Scholar
43World Health Organization. Alcohol in Developing Societies: A Public Health Approach. Geneva: WHO, 2002Google Scholar
44Islami, F, Tramacere, I, Rota, M, Bagnardi, V, Fedirko, V, Scotti, L. Alcohol drinking and laryngeal cancer: overall and dose–risk relation – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2010;46:802–10Google Scholar
45The Guardian. British power generation achieves first ever coal-free day. In: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/21/britain-set-for-first-coal-free-day-since-the-industrial-revolution [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
46Penney, K, Cronshaw, I; Office of the Chief Economist, Department of Industry and Science, Australian Government. Coal in India. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2015Google Scholar
47Kreimer, AR, Clifford, GM, Boyle, P, Franceschi, S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:467–75Google Scholar
48IARC HPV Working Group. Primary End-points for Prophylactic HPV Vaccine Trials. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014Google Scholar
49Bogaards, JA, Wallinga, J, Brakenhoff, RH, Meijer, CJLM, Berkhof, J. Direct benefit of vaccinating boys along with girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus: Bayesian evidence synthesis. BMJ 2015;350:h2016Google Scholar
50Cervical Cancer Action Coalition. Strategies for HPV Vaccination in the Developing World. In: http://www.rho.org/files/CCA_HPV_vaccination_strategies.pdf [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
51Lahariya, C. Vaccine epidemiology: a review. J Family Med Prim Care 2016;5:7–15Google Scholar
52World Health Organization. Climate Change and Human Health. Geneva: WHO, 2003Google Scholar
53World Health Organization. Climate Change and Health. Geneva: WHO, 2017Google Scholar
54Ebi, KL, McGregor, G. Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:1449–55Google Scholar
55Mulwafu, W, Ensink, R, Kuper, H, Fagan, J. Survey of ENT services in sub-Saharan Africa: little progress between 2009 and 2015. Glob Health Action 2017;10:1289736Google Scholar
56European Parliamentary Research Service Blog. Strengthening Health Systems In Developing Countries. In: https://epthinktank.eu/2015/02/10/strengthening-health-systems-in-developing-countries/ [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
57Clark, MPA, Westerberg, BD, Mitchell, JE. Development and validation of a low-cost microsurgery Ear Trainer for low-resource settings. J Laryngol Otol 2016;130:954–61Google Scholar
58GoogleGlass. Glass at Work. In: https://www.x.company/glass/ [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
59The Telegraph. First operation streamed live with surgeon wearing Google glass. In: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/10851116/First-operation-streamed-live-with-surgeon-wearing-Google-glass.html [15 March 2019]Google Scholar
60Institute of Medicine. Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications on Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1996Google Scholar
61Combi, C, Pozzani, G, Pozzi, G. Telemedicine for developing countries. A survey and some design issues. Appl Clin Inform 2016;7:1025–50Google Scholar
62Elzinga, G. Vertical–horizontal synergy of the health workforce. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:241–320Google Scholar
63De Maeseneer, J, van Weel, C, Egilman, D, Mfenyana, K, Kaufman, A, Sewankambo, N et al. Funding for primary health care in developing countries. BMJ 2008;336:518–19Google Scholar
64World Health Organization. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Restructuring a Health Care System to be More Focused on Primary Care Services? Geneva: WHO, 2004Google Scholar
65Kaur, B, Clark, MPA, Lea, J. Anaesthesia for ear surgery in remote or resource-constrained environments. J Laryngol Otol 2019;133:34–8Google Scholar
66Mercer, A, Khan, MH, Daulatuzzaman, M, Reid, J. Effectiveness of an NGO primary health care programme in rural Bangladesh: evidence from the management information system. Health Policy Plan 2004;19:187–98Google Scholar