Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:42:55.117Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Politics of Adjustment: Labor and the Venezuelan Debt Crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Jennifer L. McCoy*
Affiliation:
Georgia State University (Atlanta)

Extract

In mid-1985, the US Embassy in Caracas stated that “Venezuela appears to have successfully coped with its financial crisis” (US Embassy, 1985). In January 1986, the Wall Street Journal announced that

Venezuela will become the first country in Latin America to sign a debt-refinancing agreement without mediation by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Its success stands in stark contrast to the situation in another oil-rich nation, Mexico, where the ruling political party has seemed more interested in using the oil wealth to perpetuate the party's power than to secure the country's independence from the IMF (WSJ, 1986).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) (1971-1982) Informe Económico. Caracas, Venezuela: BCV.Google Scholar
Bienen, H. and Gersovitz, M. (1985) “Economic Stabilization, Conditionality, and Political Stability.” International Organization 39, 4 (Autumn): 729754.Google Scholar
Escovar Salom, R. (1985) “Venezuela: The Oil Boom and Debt Crisis,” pp. 120130 in Duran, Esperanza (ed.) Latin America and the World Recession. London, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(The) Economist (London) (1986) 27 September:Google Scholar
Ewell, J. (1986) “Venezuela: Interim Report on a Social Pact.” Current History, 86, 507 (January): 2529 and 39-40.Google Scholar
Garay, J. (1982) Legislación Laboral Práctica (7th ed.) Caracas, Venezuela: Hijos de Ramiro Paz Google Scholar
Gomez-samper, h. (1985) “The Management of Venezuela's External Debt,” pp. 5763 in Jorge, A., Salazar-Carillo, J., and Diaz-Pou, F. (eds.) External Debt and Development Strategy in Latin America. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Haggard, S. (1985) “The Politics of Adjustment: Lessons from the IMF's Extended Fund Facility.” International Organization 39, 3 (Summer): 505534.Google Scholar
Hassan, M. (1985) “Venezuela's External Debt and Public Policy,” pp. 6569 in Jorge, A., Salazar-Carillo, J., and Diaz-Pou, F. (eds.) External Debt and Development Strategy in Latin America. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (ILO) (1983) Yearbook of Labour Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (ILO) (1980) Yearbook of Labour Statistics. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.Google Scholar
Karl, T. (1982) “The Political Economy of Petrodollars: Oil and Democracy in Venezuela.” Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Kaufman, R. (1985) “Democratic and Authoritarian Responses to the Debt Issue: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico.” International Organization 39, 3 (Summer): 474504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latin American Index (1986) 15 December. Washington, DC: Latin American Research Group.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986a) 27 November:Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986b) 23 Octobers.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986c) 2 October: 3.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986d) 4 September: 3.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986e) 28 August: 3.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986f) 2 May: 3.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1986g) 21 February: 7.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1985a) 25 October: 5.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1985b) 19 July: 5.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1985c) 7June: 9.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1985d) 1 February: 5.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1985e) 18 January: 7.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1984a) 23 March: 5.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1984b) 16 March: 5Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1984c) 2 March: 5.Google Scholar
Lopez Maya, M. and Gomez Calcano, L. (1985) “Desarrollo y Hegemonía en la Sociedad Venezolana: 1958 a 1985.” Unpublished manuscript. Caracas, Venezuela: University Central de Venezuela, Cendes (Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo), June.Google Scholar
Martz, J. and Myers, D. (1986) “The Politics of Economic Development,” pp. in Martz, J. and Myers, D. (eds.) Venezuela: The Democratic Experience (revised edition). New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Mayobre, E. (1985) “The Renegotiation of Venezuela's Foreign Debt during 1982 and 1983,” pp. 325347 in Wionczek, Miguel (ed.) Politics and Economics of External Debt Crisis: The Latin American Experience. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
McCoy, J. (1986) “From Party to State: Inducements, Constraints, and Labor in Venezuela.” Unpublished manuscript. Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University.Google Scholar
(El) Nacional (1985) 8 August:Google Scholar
Nelson, J. (1984) “The Politics of Stabilization,” pp. in Feinberg, Richard and Kallab, Valeriana (eds.) Adjustment Crisis in the Third World. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.Google Scholar
New York Times (1986a) 10 October: 33.Google Scholar
New York Times (1986b) 22 July: “Venezuela Economic Policy Set.”Google Scholar
New York Times (1985) 30 December: “Venezuela Oil Sales Off.”Google Scholar
Organization of American States (Oas) (1984) Statistical Bulletin, Volume 6 (January-December). Washington, DC: Oas.Google Scholar
Palma, P. (1983) “Venezuela's Foreign Public Debt,” pp. 163169 in Jorge, A., Salazar-Carillo, J., and Higonnet, R. (eds.) Foreign Debt and Latin American Economic Development. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Purroy, I. (1982) “Cambio en la política de subsidios.” SIC 442 (February): 6871.Google Scholar
Remmer, K. (1986) “The Politics of Economic Stabilization: IMF Standby Programs in Latin America, 1954-1984.” Comparative Politics 19, 1 (October): 122.Google Scholar
Revista sobre Relaciones Industriales y Laborales (1979) “Crónica Laboral.” (Noviembre-Diciembre): 5758.Google Scholar
Rodrigue, Z, (1984) “Los mitos y realidades del endeudamiento externo venezolano.” Unpublished manuscript. Caracas, Venezuela: Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración (IESA).Google Scholar
Skidmore, T. (1977) “The Politics of Economic Stabilization in Postwar Latin America,” pp. 149190 in Malloy, James (ed.) Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
United States. Department of Commerce. (USDC) (1983) Foreign Economic Trends and their Implications for the United States. Prepared by the US Embassy-Caracas-, published Washington, DC: USDC, January.Google Scholar
United States. Department of State (USDS) (1982) Annual Labor Report 1982. Telexed memo. Washington, DC: USDS, 10 June.Google Scholar
United States Embassy, Caracas. (1985) Foreign Economic Trends Report: Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela: US Embassy, June.Google Scholar
United States Embassy, Caracas. (1982) “Venezuelan National Income and Product Account.” Caracas, Venezuela: US Embassy, 20 December.Google Scholar
Venezuela. Ministry of Finance and Banco Central de Venezuela. (1983) Venezuela: Recent Developments and Prospects (unpublished). Caracas, Venezuela: Venezuelan Ministry of Finance and BCV.Google Scholar
Wall Street Journal (WSJ) (1986) 24 January: 19.Google Scholar