Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:32:45.241Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Military Dictatorship and Political Opposition in Chile, 1973-1986

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Brian Loveman
Brian Loveman*
Affiliation:
San Diego State University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In 1970, Dr. Salvador Allende, presidential candidate of the Unidad Popular coalition, won a plurality — but not a majority — of votes from the Chilean electorate. Consequently, and in accord with Chilean electoral laws and constitution, the Chilean Congress was called upon to vote for the president, and it selected Dr. Allende as the country's new president. Soon thereafter a wave of opposition to his administration developed among business and middle-class sectors: Rightist political movements and parties, entrepreneurial associations, some white-collar unions, as well as groups representing both commercial interests and those of small business. Eventually this opposition determined that “the government of Allende was incompatible with the survival of freedom and private enterprise in Chile, (and) that the only way to avoid their extinction was to overthrow the government” (Cauce, 1984).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , Winter 1986 , pp. 1 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Apsi (1984) “Las protestas abrieron los ojos y oídos de las FEAA.” 28 August-10 September: 7-9.Google Scholar
Alexander, R. (1962) Labor Relations in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers.Google Scholar
Alexander, R. (1957) Communism in Latin America. New York, NY: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Análisis (1984) “Cayo el tirano.” August: 30–34.Google Scholar
Angell, A. (1972) Politics and the Labor Movement in Chile. London, England: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Arriagada H., G. (1986) “The Legal and Institutional Framework of the Armed Forces in Chile,” pp. 117–143 in Samuel, J. and Valenzuela, Arturo (eds.) Military Rule in Chile. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Arriagada H., G. and Garreton, M. (1978) “Doctrina de seguridad nacional y regímenes militares.” Estudios Sociales Centroamericanos 20 and 21.Google Scholar
Atria B., R. (1984) “Autopsia de ‘los ocho.'” Apsi 148 (July 17-30): also pp. 2–8.Google Scholar
Atria B., R., Acuña, E., Dooner, P., López, E., and Moreno, E. (1973) Actores sociales y cambio institucional en las reformas universitarias chilenas. Santiago, Chile: Corporación de Promoción Universitaria (CPU).Google Scholar
Barrera, M. (1980) Política laboral y movimiento sindical chileno durante el régimen militar” (Wilson Center Working Paper 66). Washington, DC: Latin American Program, Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar
Barrera, M. and Valenzuela, J.S. (1986) “The Development of Labor Movement Opposition to the Military Regime,” pp. 230–269 in Samuel, J. and Valenzuela, Arturo (eds.) Military Rule in Chile. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bengoaj, . (1983) El campesinado chileno después de la reforma agraria. Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Sur.Google Scholar
Birns, L. (ed.) (1973a) “The MIR Analyzes the Coup” (interview with Miguel Enriquez), pp. 100–107 in Bims, L. (ed.) The End of Chilean Democracy. New York, NY: Continuum Book, Seabury Press.Google Scholar
Birns, L. (1973b) “The Christian Democratic Evaluation of Chile under the Junta and the Future of National Institutions,” pp. 79–92 in Birns, L. (ed.) The End of Chilean Democracy. New York, NY: Continuum Book, Seabury Press.Google Scholar
Birns, L. (1973c) “Dissenting Christian Democratic Voices,” pp. 76–78 in Birns, L. (ed.) The End of Chilean Democracy. New York, NY: Continuum Book, Seabury Press.Google Scholar
Bonilla, F. and Glazer, M. (1970) Student Politics in Chile. New York, NY: Basic Books Inc.Google Scholar
Cauce (Santiago) (1984) “Interview with Orlando Saenz.” Volume I, 20 (28 August-3 September): 11.Google Scholar
Campero, G. and Valenzuela, J. (1984) El movimiento sindical en el régimen militar chileno, 1973-1981. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales.Google Scholar
Comando Nacional de Trabajadores (CNT) (1984) “Reivindicaciones mínimas del Comando Nacional de Trabajadores,” open letter to General Pinochet signed by 10 labor leaders and delivered to presidential palace 26 July 1984. Santiago, Chile: CNT.Google Scholar
Centro de Estudios del Trabajo (CETRA/CEAL) (1986) “Año sindical 1985.” Santiago, Chile: CETRA/CEAL.Google Scholar
Centro de Estudios del Trabajo (CETRA/CEAL) (1985) “Nueva etapa: El movimiento sindical desarrollo fuerza propria.” Santiago, Chile: CETRA/CEAL.Google Scholar
Rea, R., Malu, S, and Subercaseaux, E. (1983) Los generales del régimen. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Aconcagua.Google Scholar
Cuadernos de Política Mundial (n.d.) La resistencia chilena hoy: táctica y estrategia. Number 3- Lima, Peru: Editorial DIPSA.Google Scholar
Danus, L. (1986) “Interviewwith General Danus.” El País, 22 September.Google Scholar
Declaración de principios del gobierno de Chile (1974) Santiago, Chile: Editora Nacional Gabriela Mistral, March.Google Scholar
Drake, P. (forthcoming) Labor Parties under Authoritarian Regimes in the Southern Cone and Brazil, 1964-83.Google Scholar
Falabella, G. (1981) Labour in Chile under the Junta, 1973-1979 (Working Paper No. 4). London, England: Institute of Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Falcoff, M. (1985) “The Coming Crisis in Chile.” Policy Review 34 (Fall): 18–24.Google Scholar
FernáNdez, S. (n.d.) Speech by Minister of Labor Sergio Fernández, pp. 9-19 in 1 de Mayo 1976. Santiago, Chile: Editora Nacional Gabriela Mistral.Google Scholar
Fischer, K. (1979) Political Ideology and Educational Reform in Chile, 1964-1976. Los Angeles, CA: University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Latin American Center.Google Scholar
Fleet, M. (1985) The Rise and Fall of Chilean Christian Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontaine, A. (1976) Nuestro Camino. Santiago, Chile: Fortín Mapocho (1984) 23 August: 1.Google Scholar
Foxley, A. (1983) Latin American Experiments in Neo-Conservative Economics. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Furci, C. (1984) The Chilean Communist Party and the Road to Socialism. London, England: Zed Books, Ltd.Google Scholar
Garretón, m. (1984) Dictaduras y democratización. Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Mingas.Google Scholar
Garretón, m. (1983) El proceso político chileno. Santiago, Chile: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO).Google Scholar
Garretón, m. (1982) Las Ciencias Sociales en Chile. Santiago, Chile: Edición de la Academia de Humanismo Cristiano.Google Scholar
Garretón, m. (1980) Universidad y política en los procesos de transformación y reversión en Chile, 1967-1977.” CPU-estudios sociales 26,4: 83–109.Google Scholar
Hoy (1983) Volume VII, No. 326 (19-25 October): 15.Google Scholar
Huneeus, C. (1973) La reforma en la Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Corporación de Promoción Universitaria (CPU).Google Scholar
Jaksic, I. (1986) “Academic Rebels: Philosophyand Higher Education in Chile since Independence,” unpublished manuscript. Berkeley, CA: University of California Center for Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Jar Vis, L. (1985) Chilean Agriculture under Military Rule. Berkeley, CA: University of California Institute of International Studies.Google Scholar
Kirberg, E. (1981) Los nuevos profesionales: Educación universitaria de trabajadores en Chile, UTE 1968-1973. Guadalajara, Mexico: Instituto de Estudios Sociales, Universidad de Guadalajara.Google Scholar
Lagos, R. (1984) “Protesta y propuesta.” Cauce I, 20 (28 August-3 September): 15.Google Scholar
Langton, K. and Rapoport, R. (1976) “Religion and Leftist Mobilization in Chile.” Comparative Political Studies IX (October): 277–308.Google Scholar
Leigh H., G. (1975) “Misión de las universidades Chilenas,” speech delivered by General Gustavo Leigh H. at the Catholic University of Valparaiso (Chile), 15 October (pamphlet).Google Scholar
Levy, D. (1986a) “Chilean Universities under the Junta: Regime and Policy.” Latin American Research Review 21, 3:95-128.Google Scholar
Levy, D. (1986b) Higher Education and the State in Latin America: Private Challenges to Public Dominance. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Loveman, B. (forthcoming) “The Chilean Labor Movement,” in the Handbook of Latin American Labor Organizations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Loveman, B. (1981) “Chile,” pp. 93–116 in Albert, Blum (ed.) International Handbook of Industrial Relations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Loveman, B. and Davies, T. jr. (eds.) (1985) Che Guevara on Guerrilla Warfare. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
(El) Mercurio (1973) 23 August: 1.Google Scholar
Muñoz G, O. (1986) Chile y su industrialización, pasado, crisis y opciones. Santiago, Chile: Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN).Google Scholar
North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA) (1983) Chile: Beyond the Darkest Decade (special issue). NACLA Report on the Americas XVII, 5 (September-October): see especially pp. 16-18 (John Dinges: “The Rise of the Opposition”).Google Scholar
O'brien, P. and Roddick, J. (1983) Chile: The Pinochet Decade. London, England: Latin American Bureau (Research and Action), Ltd.Google Scholar
Partido Comunista de Chile (PCCH) (1980) Discurso del Secretaria General del Partido Comunista de Chile, Luis Corvalán, Moscow (USSR), 3 September.Google Scholar
Pinochet, A. (1983) Pinochet: Patria y Democracia. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Andrés Bello.Google Scholar
Portales, C. (1985) “Militarization and Political Institutions in Chile,” pp. 123–144 in Wallensteen, Peter, Galtung, Johan, and Portales, Carlos (eds.) Global Militarization. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Programa Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Educación (PIIE) (1984) Las transformaciones educacionales bajo el régimen militar (2 volumes). Santiago, Chile: PIIE.Google Scholar
Remmer, K. (1980) “Political Demobilization in Chile, 1973-1978.” Comparative Politics 12 (April): 275–301.Google Scholar
Rivas Guzman, R. (1982) El Nuevo Régimen Laboral. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Jurídica de Chile.Google Scholar
Rosenkranz, H. (1985) “The Church in Chilean Politics: The Confusing Years,” pp. 65–95 in Hojman, David (ed.) Chile after 1973: Elements for the Analysis of Military Rule. Liverpool, England: University of Liverpool.Google Scholar
Ruíz-Tagle, J. and Urmaneta, R. (1984) Los trabajadores del programa del empleo minima. Santiago, Chile: Programa de Economía del Trabajo, Academia de Humanismo Cristiano.Google Scholar
SÁENZ R., O. (1984) “La generación perdida.” Hoy VIII, 371:10.Google Scholar
Schoultz, L. (1981) Human Rights and United States Policy toward Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Secretariado General de la Conferencia Episcopal de Chile (1984) Documentos del Episcopado, Chile 1981-83. Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Mundo.Google Scholar
Smith, B. (1986) “Old Allies, New Enemies: The Catholic Church as Opposition to Military Rule in Chile, 1973-1979,” pp. 273–279 in Samuel, J. and Valenzuela, Arturo (eds.) Military Rule in Chile. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, B. (1982) The Church and Politics in Chile: Challenges to Modern Catholicism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
deVylder, S. (1976) Allende's Chile: The Political Economy of the Rise and Fall of the Unidad Popular. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, P. (1973) Chilean Universities: Problems of Autonomy and Dependence. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications Inc.Google Scholar