Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T13:27:51.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Swedish Social Democracy in Central America: The Politics of Small State Solidarity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Extract

Few events have captured the imagination of progressive countries and parties worldwide as did the July 1979 Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua. Many of these parties became strong supporters of the Ortega government and were thus quite taken by surprise — as were most of those involved and engaged in Central American politics — by the outcome of the Nicaraguan election in February 1991. One such party, one of the most determined in its support of the Sandinistas, was Sweden's Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokratiska Arbetare Partlet or SAP), even though Sweden may not immediately come to mind as a natural participant in Central American politics. How can this intense Swedish Social Democratic involvement and partisanship be explained? How has Swedish support been translated into practical positions? Did the election victory of Violeta Chamorro, who was supported by the United States (a country whose Central American policy came under relendess fire by the SAP), signal the end of Swedish Social Democratic engagement in Nicaraguan politics?

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, L. (1989) Bistandet till u-landerna. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA): Skursgard.Google Scholar
Andersson, S. (1987a) Speech by Foreign Minister Sten Andersson at a solidarity meeting in Granada (Spain) on 18 April 1987 (Utrikesfragor I:C:37). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Andersson, S. (1987b) Statement by Sten Andersson on the Contadora agreement on 19 January 1987 (Utrikesfragor I:G37). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Arbetet (Malmö) (1989a) (10 May).Google Scholar
Arbetet (Malmö) (1989b) (5 May).Google Scholar
Aström, S. (1990) “USA bryter mot FN stadgan.” Svenska Dagbiadet (Stockholm) (2 January): 3.Google Scholar
Aström, S. (1983) Sweden's Policy of Neutrality. Stockholm, Sweden: The Swedish InstituteGoogle Scholar
Berg, L. (1987) Vem hjalper bistandet? Stockholm, Sweden: Raben & Sjogren.Google Scholar
Bjereld, U. (1989) Svensk Mellanosternpolitik. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Foriag.Google Scholar
Blixt, H. (1978) Reply in Parliament by Foreign Minister Hans Blixt on 11 December 1978 (Utrikesfragor I:C:28). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Bodström, L. (1982a) Reply by Foreign Minister Lennart Bodstrom in Parliament on 22 November 1982 (Utrikesfragor I:C:32). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Bodström, L. (1982b) Statement on 16 November 1982 by Foreign Minister Lennart Bodstrom (Utrikesfragor I:C:32). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Braconier, F. (1989) Som vi behagar. Svensk neutralitetspolitik fran Napoleonkrigen till EG. Stockholm, Sweden: Timbro.Google Scholar
Carlsson, I. (1989) Speech by Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson at a peace meeting arranged by the International Center of the Swedish Workers Movement (AIC) in December 1989 (Utrikesfragor I:C:39). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Carlsson, I. (1986) Speech by Ingvar Carlsson on 1 August 1986 (Utrikesfragor I:C:36). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Cramer, P. (1989) Neutralitetsbegreppet. Stockholm, Sweden: Norstedts.Google Scholar
Dagens Nyheter (Stockholm) (1989a) (18 May).Google Scholar
Dagens Nyheter (Stockholm) (1989b) (12 May).Google Scholar
Dagens Nyheter (Stockholm) (1989c) (12 February).Google Scholar
Ferm, A. (1984) Speech by Ambassador Anders Ferm to the General Assembly on 25 October 1984 (Utrikesfragor I:C:34). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Frühling, M. (1989) “Conclusion,” pp. 341-350 in Michael Friihling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio siren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
Frühling, P. (ed.) (1986) Swedish Development Aid in Perspective: Policies, Problems and Results since 1952. Stockholm, Sweden: Almquist & Wiksell International. Goteborgs-Posten (Goteborg) (1989) (15 February).Google Scholar
Halkjer, E. (1989) “Det svenska bistandet,” pp. 331-340 in Michael Friihling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio aren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
Lindholm, R. (1987) Sveriges neutralitet. Lund, Sweden: Juristforlaget i Lund.Google Scholar
Mujal-Leon, E. and Nilsson, A. (1991) Eurosocialismus in den dritten welt. Munich, Germany: Konrad Schonigh.Google Scholar
Norrskensflamman (Kiruna) (1989) (5 May).Google Scholar
Nyberg, J. (1989) “Relationerna medSovjetunionen,” pp. 119-128 in Michael Frühling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio aren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
Nyberg, J. and Zanzi, C. (1989) “Fredsprocessen,” pp. 88-118 in Michael Frühling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio aren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
Palme, O. (1985a) Speech by Olof Palme at a memorial service for Archbishop Romero on 24 March 1985 (Utrikesfragor I:C:35). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Palme, O. (1985b) Statement by Olof Palme on 24 February 1985 (Utrikesfragor I:C:35). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Palme, O. (1984a) Speech by Olof Palme to the party congress of the Social Democratic Party on 17 September 1984 (Utrikesfragor I:C:34). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (1984b) Speech by Prime Minister Olof Palme in Rivas [Nicaragua] on 11 February 1984 (Utrikesfragor I:C:34). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Palme, O. (1977) Med Egna Ord. Samtal med Serge Richard och Nordal Akerman. Uppsala, Sweden: Brombergs Bokforlag.Google Scholar
Palmgren, L. (1989) “Sandinisternas ideologiska rotter,” pp. 129-161 in Michael Fruhling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio aren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1990) “Pierre Schori skriver om sin van Daniel Ortega: darfor forlorade nan makten.” Expressen (Stockholm) (2 March).Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1989) “Vi lagger oss i for fred. Pierre Schori ser ljusning efter ar av krig.” Rapport fran SIDA: 13.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1988a) Pierre Schori at solidarity demonstration for Chile on 11 September 1988 (Utrikesfragor I:C:38). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1988b) Pierre Schori at Sanford Commission meeting 25 June 25 1988 (Utrikesfragor I:C:38). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1988c) Under-Secretary of State Pierre Schori's speech at an international union conference in Silkeborg 6 April 1988 (Utrikesfragor I:C:38). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1987a) Speech by Pierre Schori at a Latin American solidarity meeting in Stockholm on 9 September 1987 (Utrikesfragor I:C:37). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1987b) Speech on International Law by Pierre Schori at Stockholm University on 14 May 1987 (Utrikesfragor I:C:37). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1986a) Speech by Pierre Schori to the European Council in Strasbourg in June 1986 (Utrikesfragor I:C:36). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1986b) Interview with (El) Pais (Madrid) (22 March).Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1986c) Speech by Pierre Schori on 19 January 1986 (Utrikefragor I:C:36). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1985) I Orkanens Oga. Stockholm, Sweden: Tidens Forlag.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1984) Speech by Pierre Schori in Malmo on 5 April 1984 (Utrikesfragor I:C:34). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1981a) El desafio europeo en Centroamerica. Editorial Universitaria Centroamericana.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1981b) “Central American Dilemma.” Socialist Affairs 1: 3339.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1980) Interview with Pierre Schori. (El) Nuevo Diario [Managua] (26 August).Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1978a) “Mot en socialdemokratisk epok i Latinamerika?” Tiden 9/10: 565573.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1978b) “Cuba en Africa.” Nueva Sociedad (May-June): 94-104.Google Scholar
Svenska Dagbladet (Stockholm) (1990a) 24 March.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1990b) 3 March.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1990c) 27 January.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1990d) “En miljard kronor till Osteuropa.” (11 January).Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1989a) 20 May.Google Scholar
Schori, P. (1989b) 12 May.Google Scholar
Sweden (1989) Author interview with Swedish diplomat. Stockholm, August.Google Scholar
Sweden. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (1988a) Report from the meeting on 11 December 1988 (Utrikefragor I:C:38). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Sweden. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (1988b) Seminar on Central America in Stockholm, 25 May 1988 (Utrikesfragor I:C:38). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Sweden. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (1982) Peace appeal by Nobel prize winners and Olof Palme to the Central American Heads of State, on 12 December 1982 (Utrikesfragor I:C:32). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Sweden. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (1981) Reply to questions from Gertrud Sigurdsen and Eva Hjelmstrom about Swedish support to the opposition in El Sal vador, 16 October 1981 (Utrikesfragor I:C:3D. Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Sweden. UD-INFO (1984) Centralamerika. Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Swedish Defense Committee (1985) Svensk Sakerhetspolitik infor 90-talet. Stockholm, Sweden: Statens Offentliga Utredningar (SOU).Google Scholar
Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) (1985) Landrapport Nicaragua (December). Stockholm, Sweden: Utredningsbyran, SIDA.Google Scholar
Undén, Ö (1963) Tankar om utrikespolitik. Stockholm, Sweden: Raben & Sjogren.Google Scholar
Undén, Ö (1939) Neutralitet och folkratt. Stockholm, Sweden: Bonniers.Google Scholar
Ullsten, O. (1979) Reply by Foreign Minister Ola Ullsten on 23 October 1979 (Utrikesfragor I:C:29). Stockholm, Sweden: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
de Vylder, S. (1989) “Den ekonomiska utvecklingen,” pp.246-270 in Michael Fruhling, Jocke Nyberg and Svante Sandberg (eds.) Nicaragua-de forsta tio aren. Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons Forlag.Google Scholar
de Vylder, S. (1986) Landanalys: Nicaragua. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA).Google Scholar
Wahlback, K. (1986) The Roots of Swedish Neutrality. Stockholm, Sweden: The Swedish Institute.Google Scholar
(The) Washington Times (1990) (2 April).Google Scholar