Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T00:28:41.497Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rethinking US Interests in the Western Hemisphere*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Abraham F. Lowenthal
Abraham F. Lowenthal*
Affiliation:
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Director of Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, and consequently their relations with the United States, have changed considerably during the past 25 years. Latin American and Caribbean nations are more populous, urban, industrialized, organized, and assertive than they were a generation ago. Even in a period of extensive economic difficulty, Latin America's nations are today more prosperous than in 1960. Most are better integrated into the world economy and are much more involved in international politics.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , Spring 1987 , pp. 1 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

**

The author expresses his appreciation to Sergio Bitar, Roger Hansen, Viron P. Vaky, Ronald Steel, and Gregory F. Treverton, all of whom commented on an earlier draft of this material.

*

The Journal is pleased to bring to its readers this thoughtful analysis by Dr. Lowenthal, excerpted from his latest book, Partners in Conflict: The United States and Latin America (The Johns Hopkins University Press, c 1987).

References

Balassa, B., Bueno, G., Kuczynski, P-E, and Simonsen, M.. (1986) Toward Renewed Economic Growth in Latin America. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics (HE).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, R. and Yaney, B. (1977) ‘Against the New Economic Order.” Commentary 63, 4 (April): 25–31.Google Scholar
Bell, P. (1985) “Democracy and Double Standards: The View from Chile.” World Policy Journal 2, 4 (Fall): 711–730.Google Scholar
Bemis, S. (1943) The Latin American Policy of the United States: An Historical Interpretation. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar
Bernstein, M. (ed.) (1966) Foreign Investment in Latin America: Cases and Attitudes. New York, NY: Knopf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, R. (1972) “Who Makes Foreign Policy? Some Latin American Case Studies.” Paper presented at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge (MA), March.Google Scholar
Brown, P., and Shue, H. (eds.) (1983) The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and US Responsibility. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Cabot, J. (1955) Toward Our Common American Destiny. Medford, MA: Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.Google Scholar
Cline, W. (1982) “External Debt, System Vulnerability, and Development.” Columbia Journal of World Business (Spring): 4-14.Google Scholar
Cornelius, W. (1981) “Mexican Migration to the United States,” pp. 67–77 in Susan K. Purcell (ed.) Mexico-US Relations. New York, NY: Academy of Political Science.Google Scholar
Crahan, M. (1986) “Human Rights and US Foreign Policy: Realism vs. Stereotypes,” pp. 411–451 in Kevin Middlebrook and Carlos Rico (eds.) The United States and Latin America in the 1980s. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Díaz-Briquets, S. (1986) Conflict in Central America: The Demographic Dimension. Washington, DC- Population Reference Bureau.Google Scholar
Dietrich, E. (1941) “Inter-American Cooperation,” pp. 71–83 in The Economic Defense of the Western Hemisphere: A Study of Conflict (a symposium of the Latin American Economic Institute). Washington, DC: American Council on Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Domínguez, J. (1982a) Economic Issues and Political Conflict: US-Latin American Relations. Boston, MA: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Domínguez, J. (1982b) US Interests and Policies in the Caribbean and Central America. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.Google Scholar
Domínguez, J. (1980) “The United States and Its Regional Security Interests: The Caribbean, Central and South America.” Daedalus (Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science) (Fall): 115-133.Google Scholar
Dreier, J. (1968) “Old Wine in New Bottles: The Changing Inter-American System.” International Organization 22, 2 (Spring): 477–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duggan, L. (1949) The Americas: The Search for Hemispheric Security. New York, NY: Holt.Google Scholar
Enders, T. (1982) “A Comprehensive Strategy for the Caribbean Basin.” Caribbean Review XI, 2 (Spring): 10–13.Google Scholar
Fallows, J. (1983) “Immigration: How It's Affecting US.” Atlantic Monthly 252, 5 (November): 45–68 and 85-106.Google Scholar
Feinberg, R. (1983) The Intemperate Zone: The Third World Challenge to US Foreign Policy. New York, NY: WW Norton.Google Scholar
Fishlow, A. (1982) “Making Liberal Trade Policies Work in the 1980s,” pp. 49–68 in Roger Hansen (ed.) US Foreign Policy and the Third World: Agenda 1982. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council.Google Scholar
Fishlow, A., Carriere, J., and Sekiguchi, S.. (1981) Trade in Manufactured Products with Developing Countries: Reinforcing North-South Partnership (Report of the Trilateral Task Force on North-South Trade of the Trilateral Commission, Triangle Papers No. 21). New York, NY: Trilateral Commission.Google Scholar
Fitch, J. (1982) A Human Rights Policy for Latin America in the 1980s (Discussion Paper No. 3) Boulder, CO: Center for Public Policy Research, University of Colorado, 15 June.Google Scholar
Frye, A. (1967) Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere, 1933-1941. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Green, D. (1971) The Containment of Latin America: A History of the Myths and Realities of the Good Neighbor Policy. Chicago, IL: Quadrangle Books.Google Scholar
Hart, J. (1983) The New International Economic Order: Conflict and Cooperation in North-South Economic Relations, 1974-77. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, M.D. (1984) Latin America and the US National Interest: A Basis for US Foreign Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, M.D. (1980) “Security to the South: US Interests in Latin America.” International Security 5, 1:130-151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J. (1981) “US Security and Latin America.” Commentary 71, 1 (January): 29–40.Google Scholar
Krasner, S. (1985) Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Krasner, S. (1979) “North-South Economic Relations,” pp. 123–146 in Kenneth Oye (ed.) Eagle Entangled: US Foreign Policy in a Complex World. New York, NY: Longman.Google Scholar
Krasner, S. (1979) (1978) Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials and US Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mccarthy, K. and Burciaga Valdez, R. (1986) Current and Future Effects of Mexican Immigration in California. Santa Monica, CA; Rand Corporation.Google Scholar
Mccolm, R. B. (1984) “The Cuban and Soviet Dimension,” pp. 51–78 in Mark Falcoff and Robert Royal (eds.) Crisis and Opportunity: US Policy in Central America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center.Google Scholar
Mecham, J. L. (1961) The United States and Inter-American Security, 1889-1960. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Munro, D. (1974) The United States and the Caribbean Republics, 1921-1933 Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Munro, D. (1964) Intervention and Dollar Diplomacy in the Caribbean, 1900-1921. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muravchik, J. (1986) The Uncertain Crusade: Jimmy Carter and the Dilemmas of Human Rights Policy. Lanham, MD: Hamilton Press.Google Scholar
Nadelmann, E. (1985) “International Drug Trafficking and US Foreign Policy.” Washington Quarterly 8, 4 (Fall): 87–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuechterlein, D. (1978) National Interests and Presidential Leadership. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, G. (1986) “The United States, Latin America, Democracy: Variations on a Very Old Theme,” pp. 353–377 in Kevin Middlebrook and Carlos Rico (eds.) The United States and Latin America in the 1980s. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Overseas Development Council (1985) Uncertain Future: Commercial Banks in the Third World (US Third World Policy Perspective Series). Washington, DC: ODC.Google Scholar
Overseas Development Council (1984) Adjustment Crisis in the Third World (US Third World Policy Perspective Series). Washington, DC: ODC.Google Scholar
Pastor, R. (ed.) (1985) Migration and Development in the Caribbean: The Unexplored Connection. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Portes, A. (1985) Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roett, R. (1984) “The Foreign Debt Crisis and the Process of Redemocratization in Latin America.” Testimony before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, Committee on Foreign Affairs, US House of Representatives, 98th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Roett, R. (1983) “Democracy and Debt in South America: A Continent's Dilemma.” Munro, D. Foreign Affairs 62, 3 (America and the World): 695–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronfeldt, D. (1983) Geopolitics, Security, and US Strategy in the Caribbean Basin. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.Google Scholar
Saunders, J. (ed.) (1986) Population Growth in Latin America and US National Security. Winchester, MA: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Savant, K., and Hasenpflug, J. (eds.) (1977) The New International Economic Order: Confrontation or Cooperation between North and South? Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Schoultz, L. (1982) “The Carter Administration and Human Rights,” pp. 301–340 in Margaret Crahan (ed.) Human Rights and Basic Needs in the Americas. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Schuh, G. E. (1986) The US and the Developing Countries: An Economic Perspective. Washington, DC: National Planning Association.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, M. (1986) “Migration and US-Latin American Relations in the 1980s,” pp. 481–505 in Kevin Middlebrook and Carlos Rico (eds.) The United States and Latin America in the 1980s. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, M. (1984) Latin Migration North: The Problem for US Foreign Policy. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
US Congress. House (1986) Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. “Latin American Study Missions Concerning International Narcotics Problems.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House (1980) Defense Intelligence Agency. Subcommittee on Foreign Affairs. “Hearings on Impact of Cuban-Soviet Ties in the Western Hemisphere.” 96th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate (1977) Committee on Foreign Relations. “Hearings on Panama Canal Treaties.” 95th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Vance, C. (1986) “The Human Rights Imperative.” Foreign Policy 63 (Summer): 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogelgesang, S. (1980) American Dream, Global Nightmare: The Dilemma of US Human Rights Policy. New York, NY: Norton.Google Scholar
Wagner, R.H. (1970) US Policy toward Latin America: A Study in Domestic and International Politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Walker III, W (1981) Drug Control in the Americas. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Wiarda, H. (1986) “Can Democracy be Exported? The Quest for Democracy in US-Latin American Policy?’ pp. 325–351 in Kevin Middlebrook and Carlos Rico (eds.) The United States and Latin America in the 1980s. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Wiarda, H. (ed.) (1982) Human Rights and US Human Rights Policy: Theoretical Approaches and Some Perspectives on Latin America. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.Google Scholar
Williamson, R. Glade, W Jr., and Schmitt, K. (eds.) (1974) Latin American-US Economic Interactions: Conflict, Accommodation, and Policies for the Future. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.Google Scholar