Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:32:43.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Military Governments and the Transition to Civilian Rule: The Colombian Experience of 1957-1958

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Jonathan Hartlyn*
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University

Extract

In the 1960s and 1970s, scholars interested in studying Latin American politics inevitably were drawn to the study of military coups d'etat and their causes. In the 1980s, a number of the countries in Latin America whose civilian political regimes were overthrown by military regimes may undergo or attempt to consolidate processes of democratization or redemocratization. Thus scholarly interest has tended to shift away from seeking to understand the causes for military overthrows of civilian regimes toward the study of prospects and processes of democratization or redemocratization in Latin America. In this context, the reexamination of earlier examples of durable transitions from authoritarian military regimes to civilian regimes may shed light on the relative importance of different factors in determining particular outcomes. This article carries out such a re-examination for the case of Colombia, analyzing the transition from rule by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1953-1957) through the crucial period of the interim military junta (1957-1958) to the consociational National Front political regime.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarez Restrepo, A. (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Amezquita, S. and Fernandez, J. (1977) “La economía colombiana, 1950-1975.” Revista de Planeación y Desarrollo 9 (October-December).Google Scholar
Arocha, J. (1979) La violencia en el Quindío. Bogotá: Ediciones Tercer Mundo.Google Scholar
Betancur, B. (1979) Interview with Luis Pinilla, Bogotá, (taped)Google Scholar
Cepeda, F. and Mitchell, C. (91980) “The trend toward technocracy,” in Berry, A. et al. (eds.) Politics of Compromise: Coalition Government in Colombia. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Colombia, Cámara de Representantes, Secretaría (1959) Por Qué y Cómo se Forjó el Frente Nacional. Bogotá: Imprenta Nacional.Google Scholar
Colombia, Departamento Administrative Nacional de Estadística (1972) Colombia Política. Bogotá.Google Scholar
Colombia, Senado de la República, Comisión Instructora (1960). El Proceso contra Gustavo Rojas Pinilla ante el Congreso de Colombia, Tomo II. Bogotá: Imprenta Nacional.Google Scholar
Delfim Netto, A. and de Andrade Pinto, C. A. (1973) “The Brazilian coffee: twenty years of set-backs in the competition on the world market, 1945/1965,” in Pelaez, C. M. (ed.) Essays on Coffee and Development. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Cafe.Google Scholar
Diaz-alejandro, C. (1976) Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Colombia. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Dix, R. H. (1980) “Consociational democracy: the case of Colombia.” Comparative Politics 12 (April): 303321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dix, R. H. (1967) Colombia: The Political Dimensions of Change. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Ediciones Documentos Colombianos (1957) Las Jornadas de Mayo. Bogotá: Editorial Antares.Google Scholar
El Catolicismo (1957) May 17.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1958a) March 18.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1958b) March 13.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957a) December 20.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957b) December 7.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957c) November 18.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957d) November 17.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957e) November 16.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957f) November 13.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957g) October 31.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957h) October 5.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957i) September 20.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957j) September 12.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957k) September 11.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (19571) September 9.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957m) September 3.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957n) September 1.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957o) August 28.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957p) August 20.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957q)July 2.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957r)June 29.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957s) June 12.Google Scholar
El Tiempo (1957t) May 22.Google Scholar
Emiliani Roman, R. (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Forero, Col., H. [ret.] (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Garcia Herrera, A. (1979) Interview with Luis Pinilla. Bogotá, (taped)Google Scholar
Gutierrez Gomez, J. (1982) Interview with author, Medellín.Google Scholar
Guzman, G., Fals Borda, O. and Umaña Lima, E. (1963-1964) La violencia en Colombia, 2 vols. Bogotá: Ediciones Tercer Mundo.Google Scholar
Jaramillo Ocampo, H. (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
de Gobierno, Junta Militar (1958) Itinerario Histórico: Tomo II. Bogotá: Secretaría General de Gobierno.Google Scholar
de Gobierno, Junta Militar (1957) Itinerario Histórico: Tomo I. Bogotá. Secretaría General de la Junta.Google Scholar
Kalmanovitz, S. (1978) Desarrollo de la agricultura en Colombia. Bogotá: Editorial La Careta.Google Scholar
Karl, T. (1981) “Petroleum and political pacts: the transition to democracy in Venezuela.” Working Papers 107. Washington, DC: Wilson Center, Latin American Program.Google Scholar
Leal, B., F., (1970) “Política e intervención militar en Colombia,” in R. Parra S. (ed.) La dependencia externa y el desarrollo político en Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Google Scholar
Levine, D. H. (1978) “Venezuela since 1958: the consolidation of democratic politics,” in Linz, J. and Stepan, A. (eds.) The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Levine, D. H. and Wilde, A. W. (1977) “The Catholic church, ‘politics,’ and violence: the Colombian case.” Rev. of Politics 39 (April): 220249.Google Scholar
Lijphart, A. (1977) Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Lleras, R., C., (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Lleras, R., C., (1979) Interview with Luis Pinilla, Bogotá, (taped).Google Scholar
Lleras, R., C., (1963) Hacia la restauración democrática y el cambio social. Tomo, 1, 1955-1961. Bogotá.Google Scholar
Martz, J. D. (1962) Colombia: A Contemporary Political Survey. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Matallana, Gen. J. J. [ret.] (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Middlebrook, K. J. (1981) “Notes on transitions from authoritarian rule in Latin America and Latin Europe.” Working Papers 82. Washington, DC: Wilson Center, Latin American Program.Google Scholar
Navas Pardo, Gen. R. [ret.] (1981) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Nelson, R. R., Schultz, T. P., and Slighton, R. L. (1971) Structural Change in a Developing Economy: Colombia's Problems and Prospects. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Olson, M. (1971) The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Oquist, P. (1980) Violence, Conflict and Politics in Colombia. New York: Academic. Partido Comunista de Colombia (1980) Treinta Años de Lucha del Partido Comunista de Colombia. Bogotá: Ediciones Paz y Socialismo.Google Scholar
Pinilla, L. (1980) “¿Cómo se ejerce el poder en Colombia?” Master's thesis, Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá.Google Scholar
Posada Angel, J. (1982) Interview with author, Medellín.Google Scholar
Poveda, R., G., (1976) Políticas econónomicas, desarrollo industrial y tecnología en Colombia, 1925-1976. Bogotá: Colciencias.Google Scholar
Premo, D. L. (1972) “Alianza nacional popular: populism and the politics of social class in Colombia, 1961-1970.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Ramsey, R. W. (1973) “Critical bibliography on la violencia in Colombia.” Latin Amer. Research Rev. 8 (Spring).Google Scholar
de Historia, Revista (1977) “El 2 de mayo de 1958 [interview with Hernando Forero].” Vol. 1 (August): 411.Google Scholar
Semana (1958) April 19-25.Google Scholar
(1957a) September 6-13.Google Scholar
(1957b) August 23-30.Google Scholar
(1957c) August 2-9.Google Scholar
(1957d) May 24-31.Google Scholar
Szulc, T. (1959) The Twilight of Tyrants. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Tirado, M., A., (1978) “Colombia: siglo y medio de bipartidismo,” in Colombia Hoy. Bogotá: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Tobon, V., J., (1982) Interview with author, Medellín.Google Scholar
Vazquez, C, C., (n.d.) El Frente Nacional: Su Origen y Desarrollo. Cali: Carvajal y Cia.Google Scholar
Villareal, J. M. (1982) Interview with author, Bogotá.Google Scholar
Wiesner, E. (1978) “Devaluación y mecanismo de ajuste.” Banca y Finanzas 159 (March): 43123.Google Scholar
Wilde, A. W. (1978) “Conversations among gentlemen: oligarchical democracy in Colombia,” in Linz, J. and Stepan, A. (eds.) The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Wilkie, J. W. (1974) Statistics and National Policy, Supplement 3, UCLA Statistical Abstracts of Latin America. Los Angeles: Univ. of California at Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Wilkie, J. W. and Haber, S. [eds.] (1981) Statistical Abstract of Latin America, vol. 21. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.Google Scholar
Williams, M. (1976) “El Frente Nacional: Colombia's experiment in controlled democracy.” Ph.D. dissertation, Vanderbilt University.Google Scholar
Zuleta, L. A. (1975) “El sector cafetero y los fenómenos inflacionarios.” Cuadernos Colombianos 7: 431519.Google Scholar