Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:48:27.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Class and Mass in Pre-1964 Brazil

The Case of Rio de Janeir

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Glenn A. Nichols
Glenn A. Nichols*
Affiliation:
Department of Government, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Initial and prolonged military intervention in Brazil beginning with the events of 1964 has been the subject of considerable theorizing. Yet, relatively little data has been produced to support the various theories. As a consequence, scholars are left with a variety of imaginative and cogently stated options but without an ability to decide which of the choices most closely describes the political reality.

Direct and prolonged military intervention has been linked to factors external and internal to the military. Theories emphasizing the change of foreign investment patterns beginning in the 1950s (Cardoso, 1973), the persistence of an authoritarian, perhaps, corporativistic culture (Skidmore, 1973; Roett, 1972; Schmitter, 1971 and 1973), economic malaise (Skidmore, 1967; Lewis, 1975; Fishlow, 1973) and the shortcomings of political parties and civilian leadership (Schneider, 1965 and 1971; Tavares, 1970; Stepan, 1971; Reisky de Dubnic, 1968), and stress elements external to the military. Others, the role of the Superior War College in shaping interventionist attitudes among the officer corps (Stepan, 1973) and the military's assumption of the moderating power or poder moderator (Torres, 1966) stress elements internal to the military.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , August 1976 , pp. 323 - 356
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arraes, M. (1969) Brazil: The People and the Power. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Blondel, J. (1963) Voters, Parties, and Leaders. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Cardoso, F. H. (1973) “Associated-dependent development,” pp. 142–176 in Stepan, A. (ed.) Authoritarian Brazil. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Carvalho, O. (1957) “Os partidos politicos em minas gerais.” Revista Brasileira do Estudos Politicos I (July): 99–115.Google Scholar
Censo Demográfico de 1950: Distrito Federal (1955) I Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Imprensa Nacional.Google Scholar
Censo Demográfico de 1960: Estado da Guanabara (1968) IV Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Imprensa Nacional.Google Scholar
Censo Demográfico de 1970: Estado da Guanabara (1970) Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Imprensa Nacional,Google Scholar
de Coutto, F. P. (1966) O Voto e O Povo. Rio de Janeiro: Editôra Civilizacão Brasileira.Google Scholar
Ebel, R. (1972) “Governing the city-state.” J. of Inter-american Studies and World Affairs 13 (August): 325–346.Google Scholar
Festinger, L. (1957) A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Evanston, 111. Row-Peterson.Google Scholar
Fishlow, A. (1973) “Some reflections on post-1964 Brazilian economic policy,” pp. 69–119 in Stepan, A. (ed.) Authoritarian Brazil. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Germani, G. (1963) “Social stratification and social mobility in four Latin American cities: a note on the research design.” America Latina 6: 91–93.Google Scholar
Havighurst, R. J. and Moreira, R. (1965) Society and Education in Brazil. Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Horowitz, I. (1968) “Political sociology of counter-revolution.” Sociology Q. (Summer).Google Scholar
Horowitz, I. (1964) Revolution in Brazil. New York: Dutton.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, B. (1963) “Class self-assessment in a Rio de Janeiro population.” America Latina 6: 53–64.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Ianni, O. (1968) O Colapso de Populismo no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Civilizacão Brasileira.Google Scholar
Instituto Brasilera de Opinão Publica e Estatistica (1966) Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileira de Opinão Publica e Estatistica.Google Scholar
Instituto Brasilera de Opinão Publica e Estatistica (1955) Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileira de Opinão Publica e Estatistica.Google Scholar
Jaguaribe, H. (1967-1968) “Political strategies of national development in Brazil.” Studies in Comparative International Development 3: 28–50.Google Scholar
Jaguaribe, H. (1966a) “Brazilian nationalism and the dynamics of its political development.” Studies in Comparative International Development 2: 55–69.Google Scholar
Jaguaribe, H. (1966b) The Brazilian Structural Crisis. Riverside, Calif.: University of California.Google Scholar
Landers, C. (1971) “The união democrática nacional in the state of Guanabara: an attitudinal study of party membership.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Florida (Gainesville).Google Scholar
Lane, R. (1959) Political Life. Glencoe, 111. Free Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, P. H. (1975) The Governments of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.Google Scholar
Lipset, S. (1960) Political Man. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Martz, J. D. and Harkins, P. B. (1973) “Urban electoral behavior in Latin America: the case of metropolitan Caracas, 1958-1968.” Comparative Politics 5 (July): 523–550.Google Scholar
Motta, R. P. (1972) “Elite control and political participation in the party system,” pp. 213–227 in Rosenbaum, H.J. and Tyler, W. G. (eds.) Contemporary Brazil. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Motta, R. P. (1971) Movimientos Partidarios no Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Fundacão Getúlio Vargas.Google Scholar
Montenegro, A. (1958) “Estrutura occupacional dos partidos políticos Cearenses,” Revista Brasileira do Estudos Políticos 19 (January): 129–132.Google Scholar
Nichols, G. A. (1974) “Toward a theory of political party disunity: the case of the national democratic union party of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.” Ph.D. dissertation. Tulane University.Google Scholar
Quartim, J. (1971) Dictatorship and Armed Struggle in Brazil. New York: Monthly Review.Google Scholar
Reisky de Dubnic (1968) Political Trends in Brazil. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press.Google Scholar
Roett, R. (1972) Brazil: Politics in a Patrimonial Society. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1960) Attitude Organization and Change. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sampaio, N. (1964) “Bahia,” pp. 5–60 in Cavalcanti, T. and Reisky de Dubnic, V. (eds.) Comportamento Eleitoral no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Fundacão Getúlio Vargas.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1973) “The ‘Portugalization’ of Brazil” pp. 179–232 in Stepan, A. (ed.) Authoritarian Brazil. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1971) Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, R. (1971) The Political System of Brazil. New York: Institute of Latin American Studies, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Schneider, R. [ed.] (1965) Brazil: Election Factbook 2. Washington, D.C.: Institute For the Comparative Study of Political Systems.Google Scholar
Skidmore, T. (1973) “Politics and economic policy making in authoritarian Brazil, 1937-1971,” pp. 3–46 in Stepan, A. (ed.) Authoritarian Brazil. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Skidmore, T. (1967) Politics in Brazil. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Snow, P. (1969) “The class basis of Argentine political parties.” Amer. Political Sci. Rev. 63 (March): 163–169.Google Scholar
Soares, G. (1968) “The new industrialization and the Brazilian political system,” pp. 186–201 in Petras, J. and Zeitlin, M. (eds.) Latin America: Reform or Revolution? Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett.Google Scholar
Soares, G. (1967) “The politics of uneven development: the case of Brazil,” pp. 467–496 in Lipset, S. and Rokkan, S. (eds.) Party Stystems and Voter Alignments. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Soares, G. (1965) “As bases ideologicas do Lacerdismo.” Revista Civilizacão Brasileira (September): 49–70.Google Scholar
Stepan, A. [ed.] (1973) Authoritarian Brazil. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Stepan, A. (1971) The Military in Politics: Changing Patterns in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Tavares, A. (1970) “The Brazilian army and politics,” pp. 153–156 in Sigmund, P. (ed.) Models of Political Change in Latin America. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Torres, J. C. (1966) “As forcas armadas como forca politica.” Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos (January).Google Scholar
Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (1964) Dados Estatisticos 1-6. Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Imprensa Nacional.Google Scholar
Valle, A. (1970) Estruturas Políticas Brazileiras. Rio de Janeiro: Editôra Laudes.Google Scholar
Wagley, C. (1963) An Introduction to Brazil. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Weffort, F. (1966) “State and mass in Brazil.” Studies in Comparative International Development 2.Google Scholar