Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T19:31:55.463Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lipid metabolism in Trichuris globulosa (Nematoda)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2009

Rashmi Sarwal ,
S. N. Sanyal  and
S. Khera
Rashmi Sarwal
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
S. N. Sanyal
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
S. Khera
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Adult males and females of Trichuris globulosa, an intestinal nematode parasite of goats, were studied for their lipid composition, capability of incorporation of (Na)-1-14C-acetate into different lipid classes and the activity of certain key enzymes of lipid metabolism. The parasite possesses a large variety of lipids including certain complex lipids. These are phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), plasmalogens (choline+ethanolamine), mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), gangliosides, cerebrosides (glycosyl ceramide) and sulphuric acid esters of cerebrosides (sulphatides). The females contain more lipids than males, particularly the acylglycerols and phospholipids, possibly to meet the energy requirement and structural entities for the daily production of large numbers of eggs. Incorporation studies of labelled substrate, sodium-1-14C acetate demonstrate that the adult female has extremely active mechanisms for biosynthesizing these lipids. Most of the labels are found in PC, PE, SM, acylglycerols, NEFA, gangliosides, cerebrosides and sulphatides. Cholesterol, although a minor component of the parasitic lipids, incorporates large amount of label and also undergoes fast turnover. Kinetic analysis of the incorporation by measuring the rate constant (k) and half life (t½) reveals that gangliosides are the fastest biosynthesizing and turning over lipids, although they constitute only 0·1% of the total lipids. The presence of important enzymes of lipid biosynthesis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase and an enzyme of lipid ester hydrolysis, triacylglycerol lipase, is also established in T. globulosa. Michaelis-Menten kinetic characteristics of the parasitic enzymes (Km, Vmax, v and the first order rate constant, k) are comparable with those of rat liver homogenates.

Keywords

Trichuris globulosalipid metabolism14C-acetate incorporation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 63 , Issue 4 , December 1989 , pp. 287 - 297
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ansari, A. A., Yusufi, A. N. K. & Siddiqui, M. (1973) Lipid composition of the filarial parasite, Setaria cervi. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 939–940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, J., Cain, E. D. & Fairbairn, D. (1970) Sterols in Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematoda) Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) and Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda). Journal of Parasitology, 56, 39–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartlett, G. R. (1959) Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234, 466–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, F. E. (1961) Determination of tritium in water and urine. Liquid scintillation counting and rate drift determination. Analytical Chemistry, 33, 409–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, R. G. & Cortner, J. A. (1967) Genetic variant of human erythrocyte malate dehydrogenase. Nature, 215, 761–763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairbairn, D. (1956) The muscle and integument lipids in female Ascaris lumbricoides. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 34, 39–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J., Lee, M. & Sloane-Stanley, G. M. S. (1957) A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frings, C. S. & Dunn, R. T. (1970) A colorimetric method for determination of total serum lipids based on sulfophosphovanilin reaction. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 53, 89–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goss, J. E. & Lein, A. (1967) Microtitration of free fatty acids in plasma. Clinical Chemistry, 13, 36–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchison, W. F., Turner, A. C., Graycon, D. P. & White, H. B. Jr. (1976) Lipid analysis of the adult dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 53, 495–497.Google ScholarPubMed
Julian, G. R. & Reithal, F. J. (1975) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from bovine mammary gland. Methods in Enzymology, 16, 183–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapoor, J. & Sood, M. L. (1987) Changes in lipids and free fatty acid fractions in adult Haemonchus contortus during incubation in vitro. Veterinary Parasitology, 23, 95–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. & Paxman, S. (1972) Modification of the Lowry procedure for the analysis of proteolipid protein. Analytical Biochemistry, 47, 184–192.Google Scholar
Lineweaver, H. & Burk, D. (1934) The determinants of enzyme dissociation constants. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 56, 658–666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowry, R. R. & Tinsley, T. J. (1976) Rapid colorimetric determination of free fatty acids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 53, 235–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, D. W., Mayes, P. A., Rodwell, V. W. & Granner, D. K. (1983) Harper's Review of Biochemistry. Twentieth edition. Lange Medical Publications, Maruzun Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.Google Scholar
Muller, M., Cheneval, D. & Carefoli, E. (1985) Cardiolipin is the membrane receptor for mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260, 3839–3843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, R. V. & Ramakrishnan, S. (1975) Indiréct assessment of hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA-reductase. Clinical Chemistry, 21, 1523–1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizak, M. A. (1961) An epinephrine sensitive lipolytic activity in adipose tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 236, 657–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothstein, M. (1970) Nematode biochemistry-XI. Biosynthesis of fatty acids by Caenorhabditis briggsae and Panagrellus redivivus. International Journal of Biochemistry, 1, 422–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanyal, S. (1986) Evidence for the presence of a glycosphingolipid transfer protein in rat brain cytosol. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 65, 493–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanyal, S., Agarwal, N. & Subrahmanyam, D. (1986) Effect of acute sublethal and chronic administration of DDT (Chlorophenotane) on brain lipid metabolism of rhesus monkeys. Toxicology Letters, 34, 47–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segel, I. H. (1976) Biochemical calculations. John Wiley & Sons, New York227 pp.Google Scholar
Shinitzky, M. & Inbar, M. (1976) Microviscosity parameters and protein mobility in biological membrane. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 433, 133–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subrahmanyam, D. (1967) Glyceryl ether phospholipids and plasmalogens of the filarial parasite Litomosoides carinii. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 45, 1195–1197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svennerholm, L. (1956) The quantitative estimation of cerebrosides in nervous tissue. Journal of Neurochemistry, 1, 42–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van handel, E. & Zilversmit, D. B. (1957) Micromethod for direct determination of serum triglycerides. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 50, 152–157.Google ScholarPubMed
Warren, L. (1959) The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 23, 171–176.Google Scholar
Williams, J. N. Jr., Anderson, C. E. & Jasik, A. D. (1962) A sensitive and specific method for plasmalogens and other enol ethers. Journal of Lipid Research, 3, 378–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zak, B. (1957) Simple rapid microtechnic for serum total cholesterol. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 27, 583–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed