More than twenty years ago Schwartz (1911) described a disease of cultivated violets associated with eelworm attack. The plants were obtained from gardens at Greiz and Kreuznach in Germany and in all cases had distinct gall-like swellings at the bases of the leaf-stalks. As the disease progressed the leaves became smaller and smaller and the leaf-stalks shorter until, finally, an irregular, walnut-sized gall was produced the surface of which was covered with abortive buds. Schwartz drew attention to the similarity presented by such plants to the “cauliflower” condition in strawberry plants associated with the presence of Aphelenchoides fragariae. Goffart (1930) mentioned the fact that the disease persisted for a time in Germany; being reported in 1910–12 and 1915–17 but had not been recorded again up to 1930.