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The diagnostic value of haematuria and proteinuria in Schistosoma haematobium infection in southern Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2009

O. C. Nwaorgu  and
E. U. Anigbo
O. C. Nwaorgu
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Anambra State University of Technology, PMB 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
E. U. Anigbo
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Anambra State University of Technology, PMB 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Abstract

Haematuria and proteinuria as detected by chemical reagent strips correlated moderately (r=0·7) with prevalence and intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium in an area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Differences attributable to age and sex were also reflected in a similar pattern, all peaks occurring in the 5–14 year age group. The differences observed with varying levels of intensity and haematuria at both 10 and 50 erythrocytes/μl (p<0·001) and proteinuria at 0·3 g/dl (p<0·01) were statistically significant. At a proteinuria level of 1 g/dl, the observed differences were however not statistically significant (p>0·5). The percentage of specimens from children (1–14 years) positive for S. haematobium eggs and with at least traces of haematuria and proteinuria (63·4% and 95%, respectively) was higher than in adults (33·3% and 80·2%, respectively). All individuals with more than 50 eggs/10 ml of urine were correctly identified using both indices either separately or in combination. For egg counts of less than 50 egg/10 ml of urine, false diagnosis occurred in only 5% of all specimens examined. The sensitivity and specificity of haematuria and proteinuria at trace quantities was very high, hut haematuria had a higher predictive value for a positive test (PvPt) and was considered the overall better indicator. A combination of both indices did not significantly increase the PvPt. When trace haematuria and moderate proteinuria were combined, both the sensitivity, specificity and PvPt were all above 90%, giving the best overall values in all the combinations made.

Keywords

Schistosoma haematobiummanNigeriahaematuriaproteinuriadiagnosisTrematoda
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , September 1992 , pp. 177 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

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