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Toxocara canis infections in mice: from subtle to severe consequences in 100 weeks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2025

Nicol Bernardová Open the ORCID record for Nicol Bernardová [Opens in a new window] ,
Jan Novák Open the ORCID record for Jan Novák [Opens in a new window] ,
Chia-Kwung Fan Open the ORCID record for Chia-Kwung Fan [Opens in a new window] ,
Libuše Kolářová Open the ORCID record for Libuše Kolářová [Opens in a new window]  and
Marta Chanová Open the ORCID record for Marta Chanová [Opens in a new window]
Nicol Bernardová*
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
Jan Novák
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
Chia-Kwung Fan
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Libuše Kolářová
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia National Reference Laboratory for Tissue Helminthoses, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
Marta Chanová
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
*
Corresponding author: N. Bernardová; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Toxocara canis is a widespread parasite of canids with a wide range of paratenic hosts, but also one of the overlooked agents causing nervous system infections of humans. Previous experimental infections of mice demonstrated the impact of high infection doses of larvae on neurobehavioral disorders and pathological changes. In contrast to previous studies, we aimed to investigate the long-term (up to 100 weeks) impact of low- to high-dose infection in mice. We focused on their physical condition, motor skills, and the accompanying pathologies in the brain. Three groups of BALB/c mice were infected with 10, 100, and 1000 T. canis larvae/mouse and specific anti-T. canis excretory-secretory antigens immunoglobulin G antibody response, general condition, and motor skills were tested in defined intervals within 100 weeks after infection. The number of larvae in selected organs was assessed and the pathological changes in the brain were studied histologically. As a result, subtle to severe impairments in general condition and motor skills were detected, with generally earlier onsets occurring the higher the infection dose was. The specific immunoglobulin G antibody levels corresponding to the infection dose were detected in all infected groups. Necrosis, cellular infiltrations, and foamy cells developed in moderate- and high-infection dose mice, in contrast with hemorrhages detected in all groups. This study demonstrated the long-term negative impact of T. canis infection on the paratenic host, particularly at moderate and high infectious doses. Although pathological changes in the brain were observed even in low-infection dose mice, their physical and motor condition was comparable to the control group.

Keywords

Toxocara canisparasitemicetoxocarosishelminth infectionnematode infectionmotor impairmentbrain pathology
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 99 , 2025 , e14
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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