Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:16:56.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies on the enzyme phenol oxidase in a freshwater monogenetic trematode

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2009

A. Bhagavathiammai  and
K. Ramalingam
A. Bhagavathiammai
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Madras-600 055, India
K. Ramalingam
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Madras-600 055, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cytochemical localization of the enzyme phenol oxidase in Neomurraytrema tengra has been studied. Results reveal that the enzyme reacts with substrates such as catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, dopa, doparmine, epinephrine and tyramine, but not with tyrosine and protocatechuic acid. Thus it shows activity with a wide range of phenols, aminated, mono and diphenols and also with deaminated and decarboxylated, di- and polyphenols. The maximum activity of the enzyme occurs between 40°C and 50°C with a pH optimum of 6–6.

Keywords

phenol oxidaseNeomurraytrema tengra
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 201 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aerts, F. E. & Vercauteren, R. E. (1964) Specificity and mode of action of phenol oxidase from larvae of Tenebrio molitor II. Enzymologia Ada Biocatalytica, 23, 1–20.Google Scholar
Bodine, J. E. & Allen, T. H. (1941) Enzymes in ontogenesis (Orthoptera) XV. The properties of pro-tyrosinases. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 18, 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunet, P. C. J. (1980) The metabolism of the aromatic amino acids concerned in the cross-linking of insect cuticle. Insect Biochemistry, 10, 467–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, P. R. (1963) A histochemical study of vitelline cells, egg capsules, and Mehlis' gland in the frog-lung fluke, Haematoloechus medioplexus. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 154, 247–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bychowsky, B. E. (1957) Monogenetic trematodes their systematic and phytogeny (editor Hargis, W. J. Jr., translated by Oustinoff, P. C..) American Institute of Biological Sciences, Graphic Arts Press Inc.: Washington, D.C.627 pp.Google Scholar
Clegg, J. A. & Smyth, J. D. (1968) Growth, development and culture methods: Parasitic platyhelminths. In: Chemical zoology, vol. II (editors, Florkin, M. and Sheer, B. T.). Academic Press: New York. pp. 395–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coil, W. H. (1965) Observations on the egg-shell formation in Hydrophitrema gigantica Saunders 1960. (Hemiuridae: Digenea). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 25, 510–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coil, W. H. & Kuntz, R. E. (1963) Observations on the histochemistry of Syncoelium spathulatum. n. sp. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 30, 60–65.Google Scholar
DA WES, B. (1940) Notes on the formation of the egg-capsules in the monogenetic trematode, Hexacotyle extensicauda. Dawes, 1940. Parasitology, 32, 287–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. F. H. & Llewellyn, J. (1958) An adult digenetic trematode from an invertebrate host, Proctoeces subtenuis (Linton) from lamellibranch Scorbicularia plana. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 37, 435–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Funatsu, M. & Inaba, T. (1962) Studies on tyrosinase in house fly Part I. Protyrosinase in the pupae of house fly and its activation. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 26, 535–540.Google Scholar
Halton, D. W., Stranock, S. D. & Hardcastle, A. (1974) Vitelline cell development in monogenean parasites. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 45, 45–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyneman, R. A. & Vercauteren, R. E. (1968) Evidence for a lipid activator of prophenoloxidase in Tenebrio molitor. Journal of Insect Physiology, 14, 409–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, L. & Price, G. M. (1974) The isolation and properties of a lipoprotein fraction possessing tyrosinase activity from the haemolymph of the flesh fly Sarcophaga barbata. Biochemical Society Transactions, 2, 336–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishaaya, I. (1971) Observations on the phenoloxidase system in the armoured scales of Aonidiella Aurantii And Chrysomphalus Aonidum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 39, 935–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johri, L. N. & Smyth, J. D. (1956) A histochemical approach to the study of helminth morphology. Parasitology, 46, 107–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlson, P. & Liebau, H. (1961) Zum tyrosinostoflukechsel des Insekten-V. Reinderstellung Kristallisation und substraspezifitat des D-diphenoloxidase aus Calliphora erythrocephala. Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, 326, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlson, P., Mergenhagen, D. & Skeris, C. E. (1964) Zum tyrosinostofflovechsetl des Inseketen. XV. Weiters Untersuchungen uber das D-diphenol oxidase system um Calliphora erythrocephala. Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, 338, 42–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, C. R. (1975) Ecological and Animal Parasitology. Halsted press: New York.Google Scholar
Kohlmann, E. W. (1961) Unterschungen zur Biologie, Anatomie und Histologie von Polystomum integerrimum. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 495–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai-Fook, J. (1966) The repair of wounds in the tegument of insects. Journal of Insect Physiology, 12, 195–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lal, M. B. & Johri, G. N. (1967) The formation of vitellocalycal gland in the egg shell formation in Fasciola indica. Vermat, 1953. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 989–993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, L. (1963) Trace elements and polyphenoloxidase in Clonorchis sinensis. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madhavi, R. (1968) Diplodiscus mehrai: Chemical nature of the egg-shell. Experimental Parasitology, 30, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malmstrom, B. & Ryden, L. (1968) The copper containing oxidases. In: Biological oxidations. (editor Singer, T. P.) pp. 415–438. Interscience publishers: New York, London, Sydney.Google Scholar
Mansour, T. E. (1958) Effect of serotonin on the phenoloxidase from the liver fluke; Fasciola hepatica and from other sources. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 30, 492–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, H. S. (1955) Comparative biochemistry of phenolase complex. In: Advances in enzymology, Vol. 16 (editor Nord, F. F.) Interscience publishers: New York. pp. 105–184.Google Scholar
Nellaiappan, K. & Ramalingam, K. (1980a) Prophenoloxidase and its activation in Paraplerurus sauridae. Comparative Physiology and Ecology, 6, 1–9.Google Scholar
Nellaiappan, K. & Ramalingam, K. (1980b) Specificity of the enzyme phenoloxidase and possible metabolic pathway of sclerotin in Paraplerurus sauridae. Journal of Parasitology, 66, 217–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nollen, P. M. (1971) Digenetic trematodes: Quinone tanning system in egg shells. Experimental Parasitology, 30, 64–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nollen, P. M. (1983) Patterns of sexual reproduction among parasitic platyhelminths. Parasitology, 86, 99–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preston, J. W. & Taylor, R. L. (1970) Observations on the phenoloxidase system in the hemolymph of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16, 1729–1744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryor, M. G. M. (1940) On the hardening of the ootheca of Blatta orientalis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B; 128, 378–393.Google Scholar
Ramalingam, K. (1970) Relative role of vitelline cells and Mehlis' gland in the formation of egg shell in trematodes. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, 41, 145–154.Google Scholar
Ramalingam, K. (1971a) Studies on vitelline cells of Monogenea: II. Characterization of o-diphenoloxidase. Experimental Parasitology, 30, 407–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramalingam, K. (1971b) Studies on vitelline cells of Monogenea. IV. Presence of masked phenol and its significance. Acta Histochemica, 41, 72–78.Google ScholarPubMed
Rees, G. (1939) Studies on the germ cell cycle of the digenetic trematode Parorchis acanthus Nicoll. Part I. Anatomy of the genitalia and gametogenesis in the adult. Parasitology, 31, 458–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robb, D. A., Mason, L. W. & Swain, T. (1964) Activation of the latent tyrosinase of broad bean. Nature, 201, 503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seed, J. L., Boff, M. & Bennett, J. L. (1978) Phenoloxidase activity: Induction in female schistosomes by in vitro incubation. Journal of Parasitology, 64, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyth, J. D. (1954) A technique for the histochemical demonstration of polyphenoloxidase and its application to egg-shell formation in helminths and byssus formation in Mytilus. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 95, 139–152.Google Scholar
Smyth, J. D. & Clegg, J. A. (1959) Egg-shell formation in the trematodes and cestodes. Experimental Parasitology, 8, 286–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Srivastava, M. & Gupta, S. P. (1976) Egg-shell formation in Isoparorchis hypselbagri. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 49, 93–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, J. R. & Adomako, T. Y. (1967) Diphenol oxidase in the crayfish cuticle. Localization and changes in activity during the moulting cycle. Journal of Insect Physiology, 13, 1803–1811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Summers, J. N. M. (1967) Cuticle sclerotization and blood phenol-oxidase in the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 23, 129–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehead, D. L., Brunet, P. C. J. & Kent, P. W. (1960) Specificity in vitro of a phenoloxidase system for Periplaneta americana L. Nature, 185, 610CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed