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Seasonal development and pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode Philometroides sanguineus in wild crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

C.F. Williams ,
F. Moravec ,
J.F. Turnbull  and
H.W. Ferguson
C.F. Williams*
Affiliation:
Environment Agency, Bromholme Lane, Brampton, CambridgeshirePE28 4NE, England, UK
F. Moravec
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
J.F. Turnbull
Affiliation:
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, StirlingFK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
H.W. Ferguson
Affiliation:
Marine Medicine Programme, School of Veterinary Medicine, St George's University, Grenada, West Indies
*
*Fax: +44 (0)1480 433873E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode Philometroides sanguineus (Rudolphi, 1819) are described for the first time from observations of infections in wild crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) in England. The damage caused by P. sanguineus was influenced strongly by host size, parasite development and the seasonal migrations of female nematodes within host tissues. Male and unfertilized female nematodes located on the swim-bladder wall caused only minor, localized changes. In contrast, the migration of gravid female nematodes into the fins during autumn provoked an acute inflammatory response comprising neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. This was accompanied by fin distortion, swelling of the dorsal and caudal tissues, degenerative changes and localized oedema. The encapsulation of female nematodes in connective tissue throughout winter limited additional tissue damage. The emergence of gravid nematodes from the fins in spring to facilitate larval dispersal caused necrosis, hyperplasia and loss of skin integrity. This activity was again accompanied by acute inflammatory reactions. Pathological changes were more severe in crucian carp measuring less than 60 mm in length, with no signs of debilitation in larger fish. These observations suggest that any impact of P. sanguineus is strictly seasonal and may be limited to fry. Lesions caused by this parasite, only recently recorded in Britain, may represent an additional pressure upon wild crucian carp populations already threatened by hybridization, competition and habitat loss.

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 86 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 329 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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