Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T18:00:48.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Schönherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2013

T. Ferreira  and
A.P. Malan
T. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland7602, South Africa
A.P. Malan*
Affiliation:
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland7602, South Africa
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) were evaluated for their potential use as biological control agents against Phlyctinus callosus, the banded fruit weevil (BFW). The susceptibility of larvae and adults to EPN was evaluated using 400 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect after 4 days in 24-well bioassay trays. The nematode isolates used were all able to infect BFW, although the larvae were found to be more susceptible than were the adults. The percentage mortality for BFW larvae ranged from 41 to 73% and for BFW adults from 13 to 45%. The most effective isolate, SF41 of Heterorhabditis zealandica, was used to investigate the effect of vertical movement of nematodes in sand and sandy loam soil, at specified concentration and temperature. A higher (82.2 ± 0.084%) percentage mortality rate was obtained with the sandy loam soil, than with the use of sand (67.5 ± 0.12%). The LD50 and LD90 values after 4 days of incubation were 96 and 278 IJ/50 μl, respectively. Nematodes were inactive below 15°C, with the highest mortality of 74 ± 0.081% for BFW larvae recorded at 25°C. Heterorhabditis zealandica was able to complete its life cycle successfully in sixth-instar BFW larvae after a period of 22 days. The study showed BFW larvae not to be as susceptible to nematode infection as they need a high concentration (400 IJ/larva) and 4 days to give effective control.

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 293 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguera de Doucet, M.M., Bertolotti, M.A. & Cagnolo, S.R. (1996) On a new isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1975 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) from Argentina: life cycle and description of infective juveniles, females, males and hermaphrodites of 2nd and 3rd generations. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19, 415–420.Google Scholar
Annecke, D.P. & Moran, V.C. (1982) Insects and mites of cultivated plants in South Africa. 383 pp. Durban, Butterworths.Google Scholar
Barnes, B.N. (1987) Bionomics, behaviour and monitoring of the vine snoutbeetle, Phlyctinus callosus Boh., in deciduous fruit orchards, with proposals for an improved control strategy. PhD thesis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.Google Scholar
Barnes, B.N. (1989a) Different life and seasonal cycles of banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in apple orchards in the south-western Cape. Phytophylactica 21, 147–157.Google Scholar
Barnes, B.N. (1989b) Embryonic and immature stages of Phlyctinus callosus Boh. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) – aspects of biology and behaviour with respect to control in deciduous fruit orchards. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 52, 165–178.Google Scholar
Barnes, B.N., Knipe, M.C. & Calitz, F.J. (1994) Trunk barriers provide effective control of banded fruit-weevil on apples and nectarines. Deciduous Fruit Grower 44, 322–327.Google Scholar
Barnes, B.N., Knipe, M.C. & Calitz, F.J. (1996) Latest results with trunk exclusion barriers for weevil control on apples (Jongste resultate met stamsperbande vir kalanderbeheer op appels). Deciduous Fruit Grower 46, 284–287.Google Scholar
Bell, N.L., Jackson, T.A. & Nelson, T.L. (2000) The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents for clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus). New Zealand Plant Protection 53, 48–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bredenhand, E., Van Hoorn, A., May, F., Ferreira, T. & Johnson, S. (2010) Evaluation of techniques for monitoring banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Schönherr) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), infestation in blueberry orchards. African Entomology 18, 1–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, J. & Patel, V. (1988) Use of trickle irrigation system to distribute entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) for the control of weevil pests (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of strawberries. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, 639–643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Waal, J.Y. (2008) Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) under South African conditions. MSc thesis, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.Google Scholar
De Waal, J.Y., Malan, A.P. & Addison, M.F. (2011) Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) against codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in temperate regions. Biocontrol Science Technology 10, 1161–1176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. 436 pp. Boca Raton, CRC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, T. (2010) Rearing of the banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Schönherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and control with entomopathogenic nematodes. MSc thesis, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.Google Scholar
Ferreira, T. & Malan, A.P. (2010) Controlling the banded fruit weevil using entomopathogenic nematodes. South African Fruit Journal 9, 31–33.Google Scholar
Fisher, D. & Learmonth, S.E. (2004) Garden weevil in vineyards. Farmnote 60, 3.Google Scholar
Fitters, P.F.L., Dunne, R. & Griffin, C.T. (2001) Improved control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus at 9°C by cold-stored Heterorhabditis megidis UK211. Biocontrol Science and Technolology 11, 483–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaugler, R. & Boush, G.M. (1979) Nonsusceptibility of rats to the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae . Environmental Entomology 8, 658–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaugler, R., Wang, Y. & Campbell, J.F. (1994) Aggressive and evasive behaviours in Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae: defenses against entomopathogenic nematode attack. Journal of Invertebrate Patholology 64, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Georgis, R. & Gaugler, R. (1991) Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Economic Entomology 84, 713–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, C.T., Boemare, N.F. & Lewis, E.E. (2005) Biology and behaviour. pp. 47–64 in Greval, P.S., Ehlers, R.-U. & Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. (Eds) Nematodes as biocontrol agents. Wallingford, CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hintze, J. (2007) NCSS and GESS. Kaysville, NCSS, LLC. Available at website http://www.NCSS.com (accessed accessed 15 March 2013).Google Scholar
Kaya, H.K. (1990) Soil ecology. pp. 93–115 in Gaugler, R. & Kaya, H.K. (Eds) Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Boca Raton, CRC.Google Scholar
Kaya, H.K. & Gaugler, R. (1993) Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 38, 181–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaya, H.K. & Stock, S.P. (1997) Techniques in insect nematology. pp. 281–324 in Lacey, L.A. (Ed.) Manual of techniques in insect pathology. London, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kehres, J., Denon, D. & Mauleon, H. (2001) A simple technique to estimate, in situ, population densities of an entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis indica) in sandy soils. Nematology 3, 285–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppenhöfer, A.M. (2000) Nematodes. pp. 283–301 in Lacey, L.A. & Kaya, H.K. (Eds) Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuschel, G. (1972) The foreign Curculionoidae established in New Zealand (Insecta: Coleoptera). New Zealand Journal of Science 15, 273–289.Google Scholar
Lacey, L.A. & Unruh, T.R. (1998) Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): effect of nematode species, concentration and humidity. Biological Control 13, 190–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lola-Luz, T. & Downes, M. (2007) Biological control of black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus in Ireland using Heterorhabditis megidis . Biological Control 40, 314–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lola-Luz, T., Downes, M. & Dunne, R. (2005) Control of black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in grow bags outdoors with nematodes. Agricultural Forest Entomology 7, 121–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lounsbury, C.P. (1896) The calandra (Phlyctinus callosus, Bohem). Agriculture Journal of Cape of Good Hope 9, 63–64.Google Scholar
Malan, A.P., Nguyen, K.B. & Addison, M.F. (2006) Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from the southwestern parts of South Africa. African Plant Protection 12, 65–69.Google Scholar
Malan, A.P., Knoetze, R. & Moore, S.D. (2011) Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in citrus orchards in South Africa and their biocontrol potential against false codling moth. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 108, 115–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marais, E. & Barnes, B.N. (2003) Information pamphlet: weevils on apples and pears. Stellenbosch, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij.Google Scholar
Molyneux, A.S. & Bedding, R.A. (1984) Influence of soil texture and moisture on the infectivity of Heterorhabditis sp. D1 and Steinernema glaseri for larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina . Nematologica 30, 358–365.Google Scholar
Myburgh, A.C., Whitehead, V.B. & Daiber, C.C. (1973) Pests of deciduous fruit, grapes and miscellaneous other horticultural crops in South Africa. 38 pp. Entomological memoir, no. 27. Pretoria, Department of Agriculture Technical Services, Republic of South Africa.Google Scholar
Navon, A. & Ascher, K.R.S. (2000) Bioassays of entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes. Wallingford, CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nel, P.J. & Addison, M.F. (1993) The development of an integrated pest management programme in apple orchards in Elgin, South Africa and the implications for integrated fruit production. Acta Horticultura 347, 323–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, K.B. & Smart, G.C. (1990) Vertical dispersal of Steinernema scapterisci. Journal of Nematolology 22 574–587.Google ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, K.B., Malan, A.P. & Gozel, U. (2006) Steinernema khoisanae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Nematology 8, 157–175.Google Scholar
Polavarapu, S., Koppenhöfer, A.M., Barry, J.D., Holdcraft, R.J. & Fuzy, E.M. (2007) Entomopathogenic nematodes and neonicotinoids for remedial control of oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in highbush blueberry. Crop Protection 26, 1266–1271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prestidge, R.A. & Willoughby, B. (1990) Control of the garden weevil (Phlyctinus callosus) larvae and pupae with a parasitic nematode and fungal pathogen. pp. 63–66 in Proceedings of the Forty-Third New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand, 14–16 August .Google Scholar
Shapiro, D.I. & McCoy, C.W. (2000) Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to Diaprepes abbreviates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Economic Entomology 93, 1090–1095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, W.R. (1981) Biological control of Otiorrhynchus sulcatus with heterorhabditid nematodes in the glasshouse. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statsoft Inc. (2009) STATISTICA (data analysis software system) Version 9.0. Available at web site http://www.statsoft.com (accessed accessed 15 March 2013).Google Scholar
Surrey, M.R. & Wharton, D.A. (1995) Desiccation survival of the infective larvae of the insect parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar. International Journal of Parasitology 25, 749–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vega, F.E., Lacey, L.A., Herard, F., Pilarska, D., Danova, E., Tomov, R. & Kaya, H.K. (2000) Infectivity of a Bulgarian and an American strain of Steinernema carpocapsae against codling moth. BioControl 45, 337–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, G.F. (1927) A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science 66, 302–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, M., Nitzsche, P. & Shearer, P.W. (1999) Entomopathogenic nematodes to control black vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on strawberry. Journal of Economic Entomology 92, 651–657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodring, J.L. & Kaya, H.K. (1988) Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: a handbook of techniques. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331.Google Scholar
Wright, D.J., Peters, A., Schroer, S. & Fife, J.P. (2005) Application technology. pp. 91–106 in Grewal, P.S., Ehlers, R.-U. & Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. (Eds) Nematodes as biocontrol agents. Wallingford, CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, H., Gouge, D.H. & Baker, P. (2006) Parasitism of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Termitidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae; Heterorhabditidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99, 1112–1119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed