^{page 284 note 1} Aristides ex recens. Gul. Dindorfii, Lipsiae, 1829. 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. p. 467, p. 472, p. 492, p. 494, p. 506, p. 516 [vol. i. p. 539, ]. According to Waddington, (Mem. sur le Chronol. de la Vie du Rhet. Ael. Aristid., Paris, 1867)Google Scholar, Aristides was born in A.D. 117 and died in A.D. 185. His Ἱεροὶ λόγοι were written in A.D. 175, the illness which forms their subject lasting from A.D. 144 to 161.

^{page 284 note 2} The marble statuette in the Louvre called Telesphoros by Clarac, (Mus. de Sculpt. tom. iv. p. 13, Pl. 334, n. 1165Google Scholar, and Wieseler-Müller, , Denkmäler, Th. ii. n. 787)Google Scholar cannot be so named with any real certainty.

^{page 285 note 1} The attribution of the two small bronze figures labelled Telesphoros in the British Museum (Bronze Room, Wall Case 42) appears to me extremely doubtful. The absence of head-covering, the arrangement of the mantle, and the action of the hands do not agree with those representations which we know to be undoubtedly of Telesphoros. The provenance of these two statuettes is unknown. Michaelis mentions a small bronze statue of ‘Telesphoros’ as existing in the collection at Castle Howard, (Ancient Marbles in Great Britain, p. 331, No. 56)Google Scholar, but he does not describe it.

^{page 285 note 2} Biardot, , Les Terres-cuites Grecques funètres, Paris, 1878, p. 448Google Scholar. The small figure in the British Museum in Table Case A of the Third Vase Room (registration mark ) is, also very likely a Telesphoros. In Martha, M. J.'s Catalogue des Figurines en Terre Cuite du Musée de la Société Archéologique d'Athènes (Paris, 1880)Google Scholar, Nos. 147—153 are described as representing Telesphoros. At any rate in the case of Nos. 147, 148, there can be no doubt about the correctness of the attribution.

^{page 285 note 3} See Pape, Wörterbuch der Griech. Eigennamen (3rd edit.), s.v. Τελεσφόρος, for several instances of Telesphoros as a man's name—the general of Antigonus, &c.

^{page 285 note 4} Vol i. p. 467 (ed. Dindoṙf).

^{page 285 note 5} Vol. ii. 11, 7 (ed. Siebelis).

^{page 286 note 1} Clarac, , Mus. de Sculpt. tom. iv. (text), p. 2Google Scholar. Cp. Curtius, , Beiträge zur Geschichte u. Topog. Kleinasiens, p. 48Google Scholar.

^{page 286 note 2} Kaibel, , Epigrammata Graeca, No. 1027, lines 35, 36Google Scholar.

^{page 286 note 3} In a paper published in the Numismatic Chronicle (vol. ii. 3rd series, 1882, pp. 1–51), I have discussed in detail the Asklepian worship of Pergamon as illustrated by the coinage of the city from B.C. 400 to A.D. 268.

^{page 287 note 1} Num. Chron. 3rd series, 1882, p. 26 (Brit. Mus. Coll.).

^{page 287 note 2} I ought not to pass over in silence a coin of the Gaulish Segusiavi which was probably issued during the period B.C. 58–B.C. 27, and which Kenner, (Die Münzsam. des Stiftes St. Flor. pp. 1–3)Google Scholar and other numismatists consider to offer a representation of Telesphoros.

Obv. Segvsiav Helmeted male head r., spear on shoulder.

Rev. ARVS Hercules standing, holding in right hand club, his left placed upon the shoulder of a small figure who stands on a pedestal, wrapped in a mantle, with his head bare.

size ·55, weight about 25 grains, Brit. Mus. Coll. (cp. Kenner, op. cit. Pl. I. No. 1).

Now it is, à priori, exceedingly unlikely that we should find a representation of Telesphoros at this time and place, but of course if the figure on the coin were identical with that of the ordinary Telesphoros, we should be obliged to give prominence to the fact, however difficult its explanation might be. But the representation before us is by no means that of the ordinary Telesphoros. In the first place the small figure is found in company with a divinity who seems to be Herakles.

Now with Herakles Telesphoros is never associated, Kenner's explanation of the union of the two gods being quite inadmissible. And it may be added that the explanation of the type is further complicated by the legend ARVS, an inscription which has never been satisfactorily interpreted. With regard to the small figure it will further be noticed that his head is bare, and the absence of any head-covering is extremely uncommon in the case of Telesphoros. Of the clothing of the figure I think two distinct representations can be made out on this set of coins. On some specimens he plainly wears a mantle not unlike that worn by Telesphoros, but on others the body is covered with a long, tight-fitting garment which is dotted on the surface (perhaps to indicate a woollen texture) and striped down the middle. I cannot admit, then, that this figure is Telesphoros; probably we have only a representation of the simulacrum of some local divinity.

^{page 287 note 3} Mionnet, Description, tom. ii. ‘Pergamus’; sup. tom. v. ‘Pergamus.’ Telesphoros occurs on Pergamene coins of Hadrian, Aelius Caesar, Ant. Pius, M. Aurelius, Commodus, Caracalla, Geta, and Gallienus.

^{page 288 note 1} Num. Chron. vol ii. (1882), 3rd series, pp. 45–47; Pl. III. No. 7. Mion. tom. ii. p. 612, No. 635.

^{page 288 note 2} Aristid. vol. i. p. 506. Cp. i. p. 532, and i. p. 494.

^{page 288 note 3} Num. Chron. vol. ii, 3rd series, Pl. I. No. 18. Cp. Mion. tom. ii. p. 599, n. 568 (Ant. Pius); Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 467, n. 1138 (Geta).

^{page 288 note 4} Num. Chron. vol. ii. 3rd series, p. 35.

^{page 288 note 5} On Pergamene coins of M. Aurelius (Mion. tom. ii. p. 600, n. 574; Caracalla (Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 459, n. 1102); Gallienus (Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 475, n. 1170).

^{page 288 note 6} Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 90, No. 467; ib. p. 88, No. 449.

^{page 289 note 1} Rev. Telesphoros standing, holding in r. bunch of grapes. Æ. Brit. Mus. Coll.

^{page 289 note 2} Mysia: Gargara (Mion. tom. ii. p. 552, n. 249); Pitane (Mion. tom. ii. p. 627, n. 718, and Brit. Mus. Coll.); Poroselene (Mion. tom. ii. p. 629, n. 731); Germe (obv. Head of Hermes, rev. Telesphoros standing. Æ. Brit. Mus.). Aeolis: Elaea (obv. Head of Pallas, rev. Telesphoros standing. Æ. Brit. Mus.); Myrina (similar types. Æ. Brit. Mus. also with obv. Head of Herakles, and obv. Lyre. Brit. Mus.); Lydia: Acrasos (obv. Head of Pallas, rev. Telesphoros standing. Æ. Brit. Mus.); Attalia (rev. Telesphoros standing, obv. Head of Pallas (Mion.), also obv. Head of Herakles. Brit. Mus.); Hyrcania (rev. Telesphoros standing, obv. Head of Pallas (Mion.), also obv. Head of Herakles, Brit. Mus.); Gordus Julia (obv. Head of Herakles, rev. Telesphoros standing. Æ. Brit. Mus.).

^{page 289 note 3} Aristid. vol. i. p. 472. The Asklepios worship of Smyrna was derived from Pergamon. Paus. ii. 26, 7.

^{page 289 note 4} Mion. tom. ii. p. 542, n. 194.

^{page 289 note 5} Brit. Mus. Coll. rev. Hygieia, Telesphoros, Asklepios.

^{page 289 note 6} Mion. tom. iv. p. 369, n. 993.

^{page 289 note 7} Waddington, , Voyage numismat. en Asie-Mineure, p. 143, No. 10Google Scholar.

^{page 289 note 8} Mion. tom. iii. p. 44, n. 89; sup. tom. vi. p. 69, N. 110 (Mytilene).

^{page 289 note 9} See Mion. t. iii. p. 297, n. 267.

^{page 289 note 10} Waddington, , ubi sup. p. 133Google Scholar, n. 2 (Apollonia-Salbake); Bargasa (Cariae). Æ. Brit. Mus. Coll. obv. veiled female head r.; rev. ΒΑΡΓΑСΗΝΩΝ, Telesphoros standing facing. Cp. Mion. sup. tom. vi. p. 476, No. 195.

^{page 289 note 11} Tarsus; Aegae (see Mionnet).

^{page 289 note 12} Copper coin of Gallienus, Brit. Mus. Coll.

^{page 289 note 13} This may be gathered from Marinus, Vit. Procli. vii.

^{page 290 note 1} Mion. sup. tom. ii. p. 373, n. 1010 (Commodus); ib., p. 385, n. 1087 (Caracalla).

^{page 290 note 2} Mion. sup. tom. ii. p. 127, n. 415 (Sept. Severus).

^{page 290 note 3} Mion. tom. i. p. 387, n. 151 (Geta).

^{page 290 note 4} Mion sup. tom. ii. p. 282, n. 478 (Diadumenianus).

^{page 290 note 5} Brit. Mus. Cat. Grk. Coins, Thrace, ‘Bizya,’ No. 8; Mion. tom. i. p. 375, n. 78; cp. sup. tom. ii. p. 236, n. 185 (Philip I.).

^{page 290 note 6} Mion. sup. tom. ii. p. 469, n. 1577. Possibly also on coins of Serdica; see Mion. sup. tom. ii. p. 490, nos. 1691, 1692, and Kenner, , Die Münzsammlung des Stiftes St. Florian, p. 20Google Scholar.

^{page 290 note 7} Reise auf den Inseln des Thrakischen Meeres Conze, von A., Hannover, , 1860, p. 84 and Pl. XV. No. 4.Google Scholar

^{page 290 note 8} Essai sur l'Éphébie Attique, vol. ii. p. 356, No. 97a; cp. ib. vol. ii. p. 132, and vol. i. p. 315 and p. 232. It was originally published by Koumanoudes in the Φιλίστωρ, vol. iii. p. 549 ff.

^{page 290 note 9} Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca, No. 1027.

^{page 290 note 10} P. Girard, L'Asclépieion d'Athènes passim.

^{page 291 note 1} Neubauer, cited by Kaibel, Epigram. Graec. No. 1027.

^{page 291 note 1a} Martha, Cat. des Fig. en Terre Cuite de la Soc. Arch. d'Athènes, Nos. 147, 148. Style of art, late.

^{page 291 note 2} Marinus, Vit. Procli. xxix.; cp. Dyer, , Ancient Athens, p. 346Google Scholar.

^{page 291 note 3} Marinus, Vit. Procli. vii. It should be remarked that as the imperial coinage of the Greek cities ceases about the time of Gallienus (A.D. 268), there is no complete information to be gained from numismaties as to how late Telesphoros continued to be worshipped in various places.

^{page 291 note 4} Num. Chron. 3rd series, vol. ii. Pl. III. No. 3.

^{page 291 note 5} Brit. Mus. Coll.

^{page 291 note 6} Num. Chron. 3rd series, vol. ii. Pl. I. No. 21.

^{page 292 note 1} Wieseler-Müller, Denkmäler, Th. ii. No. 790.

^{page 292 note 2} Fourth Vase Room, Wall Case No. 58 (from the Temple Collection; no memorandum as to provenance).

^{page 292 note 3} Wieseler-Müller, Denkm. Th. ii. No. 792; Maskell, , Ivories, p. 21Google Scholar.

^{page 292 note 4} Wieseler-Müller, Denkm. Th. ii. No. 790; Panofka, , Ask. u. die Asklep. p. 357Google Scholar.

^{page 292 note 5} Guide to Graeco-Roman Sculptures in British Museum, pt. ii. (1876), p. 13, No. 27.

^{page 292 note 6} Vol. i. pp. 539–540 (ed. Dindorf).

^{page 292 note 7} On the reverse of a coin of Perperene in Mysia (obv. Head of Antoninus Pius; Brit. Mus. Coll. Æ.) Telesphoros holds in his right hand a bunch of grapes. This, however, is not to be regarded as an attribute peculiar to Telesphoros, for the bunch of grapes alone is the ordinary type of the coins of Perperene. When, therefore, a new type—Telesphoros—was introduced on its currency, a kind of compromise was made with the older type; and the bunch of grapes, though ousted from its position on coins as the town-arms, was still retained in the hands of the new divinity.

^{page 293 note 1} On the reverse of a coin of Nicaea (Bithyniae) in the Vatican, (sulphur cast in Brit. Mus., obv. Head of L. Verus; cp. Mion. tom. ii. p. 455, n. 242) the group is (exceptionally) arranged thus: Hygieia (l.), Asklepios in centre, Telesphoros (r.).

^{page 293 note 2} Mion. tom. ii. p. 600, No. 574, &c.

^{page 293 note 3} Raspe, Cat. Tassie, No. 4114; Toelken, , Erklärendes Verzeichniss der ant. vertieft geschnittenen Steine der Königl. Preussischen Gemeinsammlung, Berlin, 1835; No. 1207, p. 216Google Scholar.

^{page 293 note 4} Aristid. (ed. Dind.), vol. i. p. 506.

^{page 293 note 5} C. I. G. No. 6753. ‘Cui urbi tribuenda inscriptio non liquet.’—Boeckh.

^{page 293 note 6} On a wonderful tripod which Aristides was to dedicate to Zeus Asklepios, there were three golden images of Asklepios, Hygieia, and Telesphoros, one on each foot. Aristid. vol. i. p. 516.

^{page 293 note 7} Kenner, , Die Münzsam. des Stiftes St. Florian, Pl. IV. n. 18; cp. pp. 160–162Google Scholar.

^{page 293 note 8} Brit. Mus. Cat. Grk. Coins, Thrace, ‘Bizya,’ No. 8.

^{page 294 note 1} Mion. tom. i. 375, No. 78; cp. sup. tom. ii. p. 236, n. 185.

^{page 294 note 2} On coins of Hierapolis (Phrygiae) the image of Telephorus is placed behind a seated figure of Hygieia; Æ. Brit. Mus. Col.; Waddington, Voy. num. en As. Min. Pl. IV. No. 18; Mion. tom. iv. p. 305, No. 634.

^{page 294 note 3} Inscription in the Φιλίστωρ, p. 549 ff. cp. Dumont, , Essai sur l'Eph. att. tom. ii. p. 356Google Scholar. See also Kaibel, Epigram. Graec. No. 1027, lines 24, 25. We read, however, of Aristides being directed in a dream by the god of medicine to dedicate a ring to Telesphoros, Aristid. vol. i. p. 472 (ed. Dindorf).

^{page 294 note 4} Aristid. vol. i. p. 492.

^{page 294 note 5} Wieseler-Müller, Denkmäler, Th. ii. n. 790. Clarac, , Mus. de Sculpt. tom. iv. p. 12Google Scholarff. Pl. CCXCIV. n. 1164.

^{page 294 note 6} Brit. Mus. Guide to Graeco-Roman Sculptures, pt. ii. (1876), p. 13, No. 27.

^{page 294 note 7} Conze, , Reise auf den Inseln des Thrakischen Meeres, p. 84Google Scholar and Pl. XV. No. 4.

^{page 294 note 8} Wieseler-Müller, Denkm., Th. ii., No. 792.

^{page 294 note 8a} Æ. Brit. Mus. Coll. obv. Aelius Caesar.

^{page 294 note 9} Obv. Head and titles of Gallienus, rev. ΠΕΡΓΑΙΩΝ, Asklepios with staff standing looking l.; on his left side Telesphoros holding with his right hand the himation of the other god; Æ. Brit. Mus. Coll.

^{page 294 note 10} Denarius of Caracalla, Num. Chron. 3rd series, vol. ii. Pl. I. No. 21, and dupondius of Caracalla, Brit. Mus. Coll.

^{page 295 note 1} Mion. sup. tom. vii. p. 164, n. 66.

^{page 295 note 2} Num. Chron. 3rd series, vol. ii. p. 47, and Pl. III. No. 7; Mion. tom. ii. p. 612, No. 635.

^{page 295 note 3} Aristid. vol i. p. 494; ib. p. 506.

^{page 295 note 4} Aristid. vol. i. p. 472.

^{page 295 note 5} Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 88, n. 449 (Ant. Pius); Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 93, n. 487 (M. Aurelius); Mion. tom. ii. p. 455, n. 241 (L. Verus), &c. Telesphoros occurs at least eleven times on the imperial coins of Nicaea, from Ant. Pius to Hostilianus.

^{page 295 note 6} Mion. sup. tom. v. p. 90, n. 467.

^{page 295 note 7} Epigrammata Graeca, No. 1027.

^{page 295 note 8} C. I. G. No. 511, and Addenda, p. 913.

^{page 296 note 1} Expressions, for instance, like

^{page 296 note 2} Gerhard, , Gr. Myth. § 506Google Scholar; cp. Creuzer, , Rel. de l'Ant. (ed. Guigniant, ), book v. p. 342Google Scholar.

^{page 296 note 3} Gerhard, , Gr. Myth. § 503Google Scholar.

^{page 296 note 4} Paus. ii. 11, 7.

^{page 297 note 1} Panofka, , Asklepios u. die Asklep. p. 334Google Scholar. Gerhard calls Euamerion ‘Helfer in Morgenzeit.’

^{page 297 note 2} Griech. Götterl. vol. ii. p. 739.

^{page 297 note 3} Griech. Mythol. vol. i. p. 411.

^{page 297 note 4} Wieseler-Müller, Denkmäler, Th. ii. n. 789 a and b.

^{page 297 note 5} cp. Panofka, , Ask. u. die Asklep. p. 324 and p. 357Google Scholar.

^{page 297 note 6} K. O. Müller supposed that the carefully wrapped figure of Telesphoros, as seen in the ordinary images of the god, indicated ‘hidden vital power’ (Archäol. § 394, 3). I may here, perhaps, insert a mention of the curious reverse-type of a copper coin of Samos (obv. Head of Trajan Decius, see Mion. tom. iii. p. 297, n. 267. Sulphur cast in Brit. Mus.). This presents us with a group consisting of Asklepios and Hygieia, with a small figure standing between them, who at first sight appears to be Telesphoros. This figure, however, does not wear the ordinary mantle of our divinity, but the distinguishing dress of Atys—the Phrygian cap and a garment open in front in an obscene manner. It is possible that this remarkable substitution of Atys for Telesphoros may point to some real similarity in the character of the two divinities, but at the same time it is equally possible that the substitution may arise from a mere mistake of the Samian coin-engraver, who, not being familiar with the precise details of the Telesphoric costume, may have drawn the well-known Atys as the nearest approach.

^{page 298 note 1} Welcker, , Griech. Götterl. vol. ii. p. 740Google Scholar; Boeckh, , C. I. G. vol. i. p. 479Google Scholar.

^{page 298 note 2} cp. Suidas, s.v.

^{page 298 note 3} We must not, I think, press the passage in Aristides (ed. S. Jebb, vol. i. p. 520) about initiation to mean as much as this.

^{page 298 note 4} Preller, , Griech. Mythol. vol. i. p. 411Google Scholar; Maury, , Hist. des Relig. vol. i. p. 450 (note)Google Scholar; cp. Damascius, , quoted by Creuzer, F. in his edition of Cicero, , De nat. deor. (1818), p. 614Google Scholar (note). The writer of the short article ‘Telesphorus’ in Pauly's Encyklopädie, remarks: ‘Dem Wesen Euamerion und Telesphoros liegen die allgemeinen Begriffe der physischen, ethischen und religiösen Vollendung zu Grunde, die aber sämmtlich in der Idee eines ärtzlichen Heilands zusammenschmelzen.’

^{page 299 note 1} The mantle, with pointed hood, reaching to the knees, is especially a Gaulish costume: see Tudot, E., Collection de Figurines en Argile, Pl. 42 and Pl. 43Google Scholar, and Forcellini, s.v. Bardocucullus. We find a dress of this kind sometimes worn by Roman travellers, under the Empire, e.g. on a relief of the first century A.D. found at Aesernia in Samnium, representing an innkeeper and a traveller (engraved in Daremberg and Saglio, , Dict. des Antiq. p. 974Google Scholar, Art, ‘Caupona’).

^{page 299 note 2} Damascius, Cp., quoted by Creuzer, in Cic. De nat. deor. p. 614Google Scholar.

^{page 299 note 3} Paus. vi. 24, 5.

^{page 299 note 4} Kaibel, Epigram. Graec. No. 1027.

^{page 299 note 5} Kaibel, ib.

^{page 299 note 6} Aristid. (ed. Dindorf), vol. i. p. 467.

^{page 299 note 7} Marinus, Vit. Procli. § 7 (ed. Boissonade).