Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:07:50.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Classical and Post-Classical Greek Painting1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

A. Rumpf
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Various traditions about the origin of painting have come down to us from antiquity. Pliny, to whom we owe the most detailed accounts, is surprised that the careful Greeks contradict themselves so much. Yet actual facts underlie these contradictions. The claim of the Egyptians to have invented painting six thousand years before the Greeks is rejected as idle boasting by Pliny, and we agree as far as the number six thousand goes; but we recognise to-day that the Egyptians were painting some thousands of years before the Greeks. Aristotle puts beside the Egyptians as inventor of painting in Greece, Euchir, a relation of Daedalus—that is, the generation of Theseus. To-day we can say that the excavations of the last fifty years in Crete have justified him beyond his wildest fancy by revealing frescoes of the second millennium B.C. If another tradition gives names like Cleanthes, Aridices, or Telephanes as the first painters, this means that the oldest artist-signatures known to Hellenistic scholars gave these names. But these are all primitive beginnings, non-Greek, pre-Greek, and-archaic.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 67 , November 1947 , pp. 10 - 21
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1947

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

2 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 54Google Scholar; Overbeck, Schriftquellen (quoted below as: Overbeck) 377.

3 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 15Google Scholar; Overbeck 375.

4 Pliny, , NH VII, 205Google Scholar; Overbeck 380.

5 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 16Google Scholar; Overbeck 375.

6 Pliny, , NH VII, 205Google Scholar; Overbeck 380.

7 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 17Google Scholar; Overbeck 376.

8 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 60Google Scholar; Overbeck 1641; Schol., in Iliad. K, 265Google Scholar; Overbeck 1643; Plutarch, , Glor. Athen. 2Google Scholar; Overbeck 1645; Hesychius, v. Σκιά; Overbeck 1646.

9 JdI XLIX 8.

10 Furtwängler 2684; Neugebauer, , Führer, p. 62Google Scholar; Winter, 55. Berl. Winckelmanns Programm, 1895, pl.Google Scholar; Girard, , Peinture antique, 215, fig. 122Google Scholar; Riezler, , Weifsgrundige attische Lekythen, 67, fig. 42Google Scholar; Pfuhl, MuZ, fig. 553; Springer-Michaelis-Wolters, , Kunstgeschichte12, 295, fig. 552Google Scholar; Swindler, Ancient Painting, fig. 375.

11 Furtwängler 2685; Neugebauer, loc. cit., 62; Winter, loc. cit., 3 and 10; Girard, loc. cit., 217, fig. 123. For the whole group of lekythoi cf. JdI XLIX 15.

12 JdI XLIX 15.

13 Athens Nat. Mus. 1479; BCH II, 1878, pl. 10; IG II2, 1392; Svoronos, Nationalmus. pl. 107 right; Arndt-Amelung, , Einzelaufnahmen 1212Google Scholar; RM XLVI I pl. 15. 4; Süsserott, Griech. Plastik 4. Jahrh., pl. 1. 4; Reinach, , Rép. reliefs, II, 336, 2Google Scholar.

14 Naples Nat. Mus. 9562; Helbig, , Wandgemälde 170, bGoogle Scholar; Ruesch, , Guida 1302, p. 305, fig. 74Google Scholar; Elia, , Guida 49, p. 40, fig. 13Google Scholar; Robert, , Knöchelspielerinnen (21. Hallisches Winckelmanns-Programm 1897) pl.Google Scholar; Hirth, , Formenschatz 1900, 13Google Scholar; Ahrem, , Weib, 132, fig. 134Google Scholar; Bulle, Schöne Mensch 2, pl. 310; Pernice, Pompeji, fig. 40; MuZ fig. 629; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstgesch. 347, 2nd ed. 364, 4th ed. 372Google Scholar; Marconi, Pittura, fig. 5; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 86; Swindler, Anc. Painting, fig. 371; Curtius, , Wandmalerei Pompejis, 3, fig. 1Google Scholar; Rumpf-Mingazzini, Arte classica, pl. 34. 6; von Scheffer, Kultur. d. Griech. fig. 115; Meautis, Chef-d'æuvres de la peinture, fig. 2; phot. Sommer 9278; phot. Brogi 11300; Reinach, , Rép. peinture, 194, 2Google Scholar.

15 Naples Nat. Mus. 9560; Helbig, loc. cit., 1241; Ruesch, loc. cit., 1301; Elia, loc. cit., 50, p. 41, fig. 14; Robert, , Kentaurenkampf (22. Hall. Winck. Progr. 1898), pl. 1Google Scholar; Rodenwaldt, Relief, fig. 67; MuZ fig. 630; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstg. 346, 2nd. ed. 365, 4th. ed. 373Google Scholar; RM XLII 1927, Beil. 12; Spinazzola, Arti decorative, pl. 80; Swindler, Anc. Paint, fig. 378; Marconi, Pitt. fig. 6; Rizzo, Pitt. pl. 87; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 347, 1Google Scholar.

16 Smith, A. H., Cat. of Sculpt. Brit. Mus. II (1900). 934, 3Google Scholar; JdI XX 157; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 333, 9Google Scholar.

17 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 14. 2; Bulle, Schöne Mensch 2, pl. 312; Ahrem, , Weib 240, fig. 221Google Scholar; Weege, Etr. Malerei, frontispiece; MuZ fig. 657; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstg. 490, 2nd ed. 512, 4th ed. 522Google Scholar; Delia Seta, Italia Antica, fig. 255; Swindler, Anc. Paint, fig. 421; Ducati, Storia dell'Arte Etrusca, pl. 187; Strong, Art in Anc. Rome, fig. 33; Giglioli, Arte Etrusca, pl. 246; Technau, , Kunst d. Röm. 20, fig. 12Google Scholar.

18 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 14; Poulsen, Etr. Tomb Paint. figs. 28–29; Weege, , Etr. Malerei 27, fig. 21Google Scholar; Swindler, Anc. Paint. fig. 419.

19 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 15; Weege, , Etr. Malerei 28, fig. 23, pl. 65Google Scholar; Swindler, Anc. Paint. fig. 417.

20 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 15; Weege, , Etr. Malerei 29, fig. 25, pl. 63Google Scholar; Ducati, Storia dell' Arte Etr. pl. 183, fig. 469; De Ruyt, , Charun 12, fig. 2Google Scholar; Giglioli, Arte Etr. pl. 248, 1; Swindler, Anc. Paint. fig. 417.

21 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 15; Weege, , Etr. Malerei 28, fig. 22, pl. 61Google Scholar; Bulle, Schön. Mensch 2 fig. 201; Ducati, Storia dell' Arte Etr. pl. 183, fig. 468; Giglioli, Arte Etr. pl. 248, 3; Swindler, loc. cit., figs. 417, 420.

22 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 15; Weege, , Etr. Malerei 28, fig. 22Google Scholar; Swindler, loc. cit., fig. 417.

23 Helbig-Amelung, , Führer 1752Google Scholar; Seta, Della, Villa Giulia 481, no. 24787Google Scholar; Baumeister, , Denkm. I 453 f., fig. 500 f.Google Scholar; WV 1889, pl. 12; Bulle, , Schön. Mensch 2, 628 f., fig. 193–5Google Scholar; Robert, , Arch. Hermeneutik, pp. 106 f., fig. 87–9Google Scholar; Ducati, Storia dell' Arte Etr. pl. 209, fig. 517. MuZ fig. 628; Lowy, Polygnot, figs. 30 and 44; RM XLVII pl. 26. 2; Giglioli, Arte Etr. pl. 285.

24 Walters, , Cat. of Bronzes Br. Mus. 289Google Scholar; Zuchner, , Griech. Klappspiegel (JdI Erg. Heft XIV) p. 24, no. 26Google Scholar; BCH XXIII pl. 2; Bulle, , Schön. Mensch 2605, fig. 187Google Scholar; MuZ fig. 622; Lamb, Bronzes, pl. 69, b.

25 Beechey, Proceedings of the Exped. to the North Coast of Africa, pl. 10; Pacho, Voyage dans la Marmariqueet la Cyrindïque, pl. 54; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 245, 7Google Scholar.

26 MuZ II 907.

27 Gnomon I 337Google Scholar.

28 Materiali XXXV pl. 1–3; Schefold, Kertscher Vasen, pl. 19, a; Schefold, Untersuchungen zu den Kertscher Vasen, no. 286, pl. 33; AA 1907, p. 134, Abb. 3.

29 Bulle, , Skenographie (94. Berl. Winck. Progr. 1934)Google Scholar; REG 1936, p. 226, fig. 25; Scheurleer, Ceramiek, pl. 39, fig. 111; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysos, figs. 55–6.

30 ‘Andocides’ c. Alcibiad., 17 (Overbeck 1124). This speech is dated by Gernet, (Rev. Phil. V, 57, 1931, p. 318)Google Scholar to 397 or 396 B.c.

31 Vitruvius 158, 20 (VII praef. 11); Overbeck 1120.

32 Pseudo-Andocides does not suggest that Agatharchus was then a very old man; he might well have stressed this, had it been true, in order to make Alcibiades' procedure appear yet more brutal. The Scholion to Demosthenes, XXI, 147 (Overbeck 1125) says that Agatharchus was caught in flagrante delicto with a pallake of Alcibiades, and Alcibiades would hardly have feared a very aged rival. Plutarch, (Alcibiades 16Google Scholar, Overbeck 1123) adds nothing. Plutarch, (Pericles 13, Overbeck 1121)Google Scholar gives an apophthegm of Zeuxis, which suggests that he and Agatharchus were contemporaries.

33 Vita Aeschyli, 12 (Wilamowitz, ed. maior 1914, p. 5)Google Scholar, cf. Wilamowitz, id. 11; Quintilianus, X, 1, 66. Schol. Aristoph. Ach. 10, Ran. 868; Philostr., , Vita Apollonii, VI, 11Google Scholar.

34 Cf. Acharn. 10.

35 Aristotle, , Poetics IV, 16Google Scholar.

36 Vitruvius 158, 22 (VII praef. 11).

37 Trysa: Benndorf-Niemann, Heroon von Gjölbaschi-Trysa, pls. 12–13; Br. Br. 486, c, d; JdI XXII 72 f, fig. 1–2; Waldmann, , Griech. Originale 109–10 (2nd. ed. 108–9)Google Scholar; ÖJh XXVIII 14 f, fig. 7–8; Winter, , Kunstgesch. in Bld.2 263, 3–4Google Scholar; Reinach, , Rép. de reliefs I 450Google Scholar; von Scheffer, , Kultur d. Griech, 47Google Scholar.

Benndorf-Niemann, loc. cit., pl. 16; Winter, loc. cit., 263, 1; Reinach, , Rép. rel. I., 455Google Scholar.

Xanthus: Nereid Monument; Smith, A. H., Cat. of Sculpt. Brit. Mus. II (1900), no. 869Google Scholar; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 16, p; Br. Br. 216, c; Studniczka, Kriegergräber, pl. 22. 2; AM LII Beil. 13, 6; Reinach, , Rép. rel. I 479, p.Google Scholar

Brit. Mus. no. 870; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 16, q; Reinach, , Rép. rel. I 479, qGoogle Scholar; Brit. Mus. no. 871, b; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 15, h; Winter, loc. cit. 265, 5; Reinach, loc. cit. 477, h; Brit. Mus. 876, b; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 16, t; Reinach, loc. cit. 480; AM LII, Beil. 13, 5; Brit. Mus. 877; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 16, u; AM LII, 1927, Beil. 14, 2; Reinach, loc. cit., 480, u; Brit.Mus. 878; Mon. Inst. X, pl. 16, r; AM LII, Beil. 14, 1; Reinach, loc. cit. 479 r.

Pinara: Benndorf-Niemann, , Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien I 25 ff., fig., 34–37Google Scholar; Girard, , Peinture antique, 201, fig. 113Google Scholar; AM LII 141, fig. 5; JHS LVIII 213, fig. 4.Google Scholar

Tlos: Benndorf-Niemann, , Reisen im südwestlichen Klein-Asien I 139, fig. 86, dGoogle Scholar; AM LII 143, fig. 6; Reinach, loc. cit. II, 112, 4.

38 Festschrift Loeb 24, c; JdI XLIX 17; Wuilleumier, , Tarente 463Google Scholar; AA, 1940, p. 534, fig. 51.

39 Festschrift Loeb 6f, fig. 1, 1, a, pl. 2; Antike VII, pl. 7; Langlotz, Griech. Vasen in Würzburg, no. 832, pl. 240; REG XLV 91, fig. 3; Scheurleer, Ceramiek, pl. 44, fig. 127; Wuilleumier, Tarente, pl. 48, 1; Bieber, , History Theater 159, fig. 216Google Scholar.

40 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 29Google Scholar.

41 Jex-Blake, and Sellers, , The Elder Pliny's Chapters on the History of Art 96Google Scholar.

42 Winter, Alexandersarkophag, pls. 17–18.

43 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 64 (Overbeck 1678)Google Scholar. This interpretation was first given in 1799 by Hirt, Alois, Les différentes méthodes de peindre chez les anciens, p. 4Google Scholar, cf. Meyer, Heinrich in Winckelmann's Werke V (Dresden 1812) 502Google Scholar.

44 Festschrift Loeb 27, fig. 13. Real monochromata ex albo (yellow with high-lights) on Etruscan vases were put together and studied by Zahn, in Berliner Museen LV 2–11Google Scholar, cf. Beazley, , Etruscan Vase-Painting 208Google Scholar, ‘Hesse Group.’

45 Mon. Inst. VI, pl. 21; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 167, 8Google Scholar; JdI XLV 65, fig. 2; Messerschmidt, , Nekrop. von Vulci (JdI Ergänzungsheft 12) pls. 28–39Google Scholar; Giglioli, Arte Etr. pl. 266. 1.

46 Messerschmidt, loc. cit., pls. 28–9.

47 Id., pls. 28, 30.

48 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 130 (Overbeck 1823)Google Scholar.

49 Mon. Inst. IX, pl. 60; Baumeister, , Denkm. III, pl. 57Google Scholar; JHS IV, pls. 36–8; Ducati, Storia dell' Arte Etr. pl. 190, 192; Giglioli, Arte Etr. pls. 238–9; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 57Google Scholar.

50 Cicero, , Brutus, 18, 70Google Scholar; Overbeck 1067.

51 Naples Nat. Mus. 10020; Ruesch, Guida no. 999, fig. 62; Elia, , Guida no. 396, p. 135, fig. 49Google Scholar; Fuhrmann, Philoxenos; Mau-Drexel, , Anhang 47Google Scholar; Winter, Alexandermosaik; Mau, Pompeji 2, pl. 8; Bulle, Schöne Mensch 2, pl. 313; MuZ fig. 648; Rodenwaldt, , Propyl. Kunstgesch. 398–400 (2nd ed. 421–3, 4th ed. 429–31)Google Scholar; Delia Seta, Italia Antica, fig. 308; Curtius, , Wandmal. Pomp. 325 ff.Google Scholar, figs. 182–5; Swindler, Anc. Paint, figs. 451–4; Rizzo, , Pitt. pls. 44–7Google Scholar; Spinazzola, , Arti decor. 187–9, 196–7Google Scholar; Bcazley-Ashmole, Gr. Sculpt. and Paint. fig. 142; Springer-Michaelis-Wolters, Kunstgesch. 11 pl. XII; Meded. Ned. Inst. Rome 2. ser. IX pl. 9; Schuchhardt, , Kunst d. Griech. 356–7, figs. 329–30Google Scholar; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 220, 1Google Scholar; Méautis, Chefs-d'æuvre de la peinture, fig. 15.

52 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 50Google Scholar; Overbeck 1754.

53 Curtius, , Wandmalerei Pompejis 336Google Scholar.

54 JdI XXXVIII–IX 112, 124.

55 Naples Nat. Mus. 9985; Ruesch, Guida no. 167; Elia, Guida no. 401; Winter, Kunstgesck. i. Bild, (1st ed.), pl. 94. 2; Gusman,Pompeii, pl. 12; JdI XXVI 2, fig. 1, XXXVIII–IX 113, fig. 15; Koepp, Archäologie, pl. 16. 3; Herrmann-Bruckmann, pl. 106; Bieber, Denkm. Theaterwesen, pl. 92; MuZ Abb. 684; Bethe, Gr. Dichtung, pl. 11; Pfuhl, Meisterwerke, fig. 150; Rodenwaldt, Prop. Kunstgesch. pl. 34 (4th ed. pl. 36); Bulle, , Untersuchungen z. gr. Theater 281, fig. 15Google Scholar; Spinazzola, Arti decorat., pl. 198; Curtius, Wandmal. Pomp., pl. 9; Rizzo, Pitt. pl. 144; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 295; Antike, XIII pl. 7; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 445; Pernice, Pavimente, pl. 71; Bieber, , Hist. Gr. Rom. Theater 177, fig. 239Google Scholar; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 313, 2Google Scholar; Meautis, Chefs-d'æuvre de la peinture, fig. 21; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus, fig. 85.

56 Naples Nat. Mus. 9987; Ruesch, Guida no. 169; Elia, Guida no. 402; JdI, XXVI 4, fig. 2; Herrmann-Bruckmann, pl. 107; Bieber, Denkm. Theaterwesen, pl. 93; MuZ, fig. 685; Pfuhl, Meisterwerke, pl. 151; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstgesch. 468 (2nd ed. 490, 4th ed. 498)Google Scholar; Bulle, , Unters. gr. Theater 278, fig. 11Google Scholar; Curtius, Wandmal. Pompejis, pl. 10; Rizzo, Pitt., pl. 145; Beazley-Ashmole, Gr. Sculpt, and Paint., fig. 213; Antike XIII pl. 6; Pernice, Pavimente, pl. 70; Bieber, , Hist. Gr. Rom. Theater, 179, fig. 242Google Scholar; Méautis, Chefs-d'æuvre, fig. 22; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 313, 4Google Scholar; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus, fig. 86.

57 SB Akademie Heidelberg XII, pl. 1; Pagenstecher, , Mekropolis 77Google Scholar; MuZ, Abb. 747.

58 Ἐφημ, 1908, pl. 1; MuZ, Abb. 748; Rizzo, Pitt. pl. 48, left; , pl. 2; Bulle, , Untersuch. griech. Theater 325, fig. 27Google Scholar; Swindler, Anc. Paint. fig. 553; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 242, 8Google Scholar.

59 Naples Nat. Mus. 109370; Sogliano, , Pitt. 504Google Scholar; Ruesch, Guida no. 1304; Elia, Guida no. 52; Baumeister, , Denkm., II 876, fig. 949Google Scholar; Robert, , 24. Hall. Winck.Progr. (1903)Google Scholar; MuZ, Abb. 652; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 458; RM XLII 71, fig. 9; JdI XLII 89, fig. 9; Rizzo, Pitt. pl. 88; Bulle, , Unters. gr. Theater 328, fig. 29Google Scholar; Méautis, Chefs-d'æuvres de la peint. fig. 12; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 198, 2Google Scholar.

60 Naples Nat. Mus. 9021; Helbig, Wandgem. no. 1462; Ruesch, Guida, no. 1473; Elia, Guida, no. 249; MuZ, fig. 654; Rizzo, Pitt., pl. 51; Spinazzola, Arti decor., pl. 129, a; Phot. Brogi 11272; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 264, 2Google Scholar.

61 She reproduces the female figure on the reliefs from Orvieto and Pompeii which have been interpreted as Socrates and Aspasia or Diotima. Cf. RM LV 78 (Fuhrmann) and Beazley, , Etruscan Vase-Painting 288Google Scholar.

62 Naples Nat. Mus. 9020; Helbig, Wandgem. no. 1389, b; Ruesch, Guida, no. 1468; Elia, Guida, no. 248; Strena Helbigiana 269, fig. 3; Rodenwaldt, , Komposition 118, fig. 21Google Scholar; Curtius, , Wandmal. Pomp. 271, fig. 161Google Scholar; Marconi, Pitt. fig. 15; Spinazzola, Arti decor., pl. 129, c; Bulle, , Unters. gr. Theater 318, fig. 24Google Scholar; Phot. Anderson 25804; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 217, 2Google Scholar.

63 Naples Nat. Mus. 9022; Helbig, Wandgem. no. 1435; Ruesch, Guida no. 1471; Elia, Guida no. 246; Herrmann-Bruckmann, pl. 3; Robert, , Hermeneutik 89, fig. 74Google Scholar; Licht, , Sittengeschichte, I 57Google Scholar; Curtius, , Wandmal. Pomp. 269, fig. 160Google Scholar; Marconi, Pitt., fig. 16; Rizzo, Pitt., pl. 49; Spinazzola, Arti decor., pl. 129, b; Phot. Alinari 12038; Phot. Anderson 23478; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 266, 7Google Scholar.

64 Barnabei, Villa di Fannio Sinislore, pl. 9; Noack, Baukunst d. Altert., pl. 120; Fiechter, Baugesch. Entw. griech. Theater, fig. 43; Sambon, , Fresques de Boscoreale 25, pl. 10Google Scholar; MuZ, fig. 707; Ippel, , Pompeji 124, fig. 117Google Scholar; Curtius, , Wanimal. Pomp. 103, fig. 70Google Scholar; Marconi, Pitt., figs. 86–7; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 528; Rizzo, Pitt. pl. 7; Bulle, , Untersuch. gr. Theater 274, fig. 9Google Scholar; Beyen, , Pompejan. Wanddekoration, I, fig. 56, 60, 61, aGoogle Scholar; Technau, , Kunst d. Röm. 89, Abb. 65Google Scholar; Pernice, Pompeji, fig. 35; Bieber, , History Gr. Rom. Theater 248–50, figs. 344–7Google Scholar; Art Bulletin XVIII, 407 ff. (Little)Google Scholar; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus, fig. 89.

65 Vitruvius, 172, 12 (VII, 5, 2).

66 Vitruvius, 119, 19 (V, 8, 1).

67 ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ, Archiv für neutestamenll. Zeitgeschichie … herausgeg. Leipoldt, von J., III 84, fig. 7 (Sulze)Google Scholar.

68 Holes for the bolts which fixed the panels are preserved in Priene: von Gerkan, , Das Theater von Priene 55 and 77, pl. 18. 9Google Scholar.

69 Fiechter, , Das Theater in Oropos 18, pl. 5Google Scholar.

70 Fiechter, loc. cit. 14, pl. 4.

71 Fiechter, loc. cit. 27.

72 AM XLIX 225.

73 Von Gerkan, , Das Theater von Priene 93Google Scholar.

74 Overbeck 2141–2142, cf. MuZ II 888 f.

75 FR III 303; Beazley, Att. White Lekythoi, pl. 3. 2; Buschor, , Crab eines attischen Mädchens 35, fig. 29, p. 37, fig. 31Google Scholar; Critica d'Arte, 1940, p. iv, fig. 1–2Google Scholar; von Schönebeck Kraiker, Hellas, fig. 90; (ARV 642, 130).

76 Pliny, NH XXXV, 113Google Scholar; Overbeck 2381: ‘hominem pingere non potuit.’

77 Pliny, NHXXXV, 23Google Scholar.

78 Valerius Maximus, II, 4, 6.

79 Pliny, NH XXXVI, 114Google Scholar.

80 Helbig-Amelung, Führer, no. 414; Nogara, , Le Nozze Aldobrandine, 37 ff, pls. 9–32Google Scholar.

81 Vitruvius, 172, 20 (VII, 5, 2).

82 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 9, 13, 14; MuZ, fig. 721, left; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 158; Marconi, Pittura, fig. 74; Swindler, Anc. Painting, fig. 542; Bethe, , Griech. Dichtung 343, fig. 233Google Scholar; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 253; Méiutis, Chefs-d'æuvres, fig. 58; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 173, 1Google Scholar; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus fig. 87 (left).

83 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 9, 15, 16; MuZ, fig. 721, right; Rizzo, loc. cit., pl. 159; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 75; Swindler, loc. cit., figs. 529, 542; Bethe, loc. cit. 342, fig. 232; Méautis, loc. cit., fig. 59; Reinach, loc. cit. 173, 2; Pickard-Cambridge Theatre of Dionysus fig. 87 (right).

84 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 10, 17, 18; MuZ fig. 722, left; Rizzo, loc. cit., pl. 160; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 76; Swindler, loc. cit., fig. 529; Beazley-Ashmole, Gr. Sculpt. Paint., fig. 215; Technau, , Kunst d. Römer 92, fig. 67Google Scholar; Reinach, loc. cit., 173, 3; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus fig. 88 (left).

85 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 10, 20; MuZ fig. 722, right; Technau, loc. cit. 93, fig. 68. Reinach, loc. cit., 173, 4; Pickard-Cambridge, Theatre of Dionysus fig. 88 (right).

86 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 11, 22; Rizzo, loc. cit., pl. 162; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 73; Reinach, loc. cit. 173, 5.

87 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 12, 24; Baumeister, , Denkm., II, 858, fig. 939Google Scholar; Roscher V 206, fig. 4; Rizzo, loc. cit., pl. 163; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 77; Swindler, loc. cit., fig. 541; Reinach, loc. cit. 174, 1.

88 Nogara, loc. cit., pls. 12, 26; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 77; Reinach, loc. cit. 174, 2.

89 Memoirs of the American Academy at Rome IV pl. 10. 1; MuZ, fig. 725; Rizzo, loc. cit., pls. 181–2; Marconi, loc. cit., fig. 84.

90 Helbig-Amelung, Führer, no. 1477; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 108; RM XLI Beilage 1, 2; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 255; Wirth, Römische Wandmalerei, pls. 2–3; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 328Google Scholar; Marconi, Pittura, fig. 120.

91 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 132Google Scholar; Overbeck, 1816, 8.

92 Helbig, Wandgemälde, no. 131; Herrmann-Bruckmann, pl. 53; Rodenwaldt, , Komposition 229, fig. 37Google Scholar; MuZ, fig. 646; RM XLII Beilage 11, 2; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstgeseh. 396 (2nd ed. 418, 4th ed. 426)Google Scholar; Curtius, , Wandmalerei Pomp. 261, fig. 157Google Scholar; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 42; Spinazzola, Arti decor., pl. 106; Öjh, XXXII 57, fig. 37; Méautis, Chefs-d'æuvre, fig. 5; Reinach, , Rép. peint., 15, 6Google Scholar; Mon. Pitt. Ant. Ital. III, Roma, fasc. 3, p. 29, fig. 20Google Scholar.

93 MuZ, fig. 708; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 448; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 43; Curtius, , Wandmal. Pomp. 259, fig. 155Google Scholar; RM XLII Beilage 11, 1; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 263; Méautis, Chefs-d'æuvre, fig. 6; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 16, 3Google Scholar; Mon. Pitt. Ant. Ital. III, Roma, fasc. 3, pls. 2–3.

94 Naples Nat. Mus. 111475; Sogliano, Pitture, no. 79; Ruesch, Guida, no. 1296; Elia, Guida, no. 47, p. 38, fig. 12; Herrmann-Bruckmann, pl. 68; Mau, , Pompeji 2496, fig. 287Google ScholarRodenwaldt, , Komposition 70, fig. 11Google Scholar; Öjh, XV 158, fig. 101; Licht, , Sittengeschichte III 153; Marconi, Pittura, fig. 98; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 99Google Scholar; Rodenwaldt, , Prop. Kunstg. 538 (2nd ed. 564, 4th ed. 576)Google Scholar; Curtius, Wandmal. Pomp., pl. 4; Pernice, Pompeji, fig. 47; Reinach, , Rép. peint., 13, 2Google Scholar.

95 Helbig-Amelung, Führer, no. 1356; Curtius, , Wandmal. Pomp. 193Google Scholar; fig. 118; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 540; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome fig. 256; Technau, , Kunst d. Römer 140, fig. 110Google Scholar; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 321Google Scholar.

96 RM XXVI pls. 1–3; MuZ, fig. 729; Marconi, Pittura, fig. 78; Rizzo, Pittura, pl. 169; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 544; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 266; Monum. Pitt. Ant. Ital. III, Roma, fasc. 3, pls. 5–10.

97 Helbig-Amelung, Führer, no. 1893; RM XXVI 24, fig. 5; MuZ, fig. 732; Bethe, , Griech. Dichtung 358, fig. 240Google Scholar; Strong, Art in Ancient Rome, fig. 384; Swindler, Anc. Paint., fig. 546; RM XLIV pl. 30; Wirth, Römische Wandmalerei, pl. 17; Technau, , Kunst der Römer, 205, fig. 163Google Scholar; Reinach, , Rép. peint. 391, 4Google Scholar.

98 Pliny, , NH XXXV, 116Google Scholar; Overbeck 2384.