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What People produced the Objects called Mycenean?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

William Ridgeway
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Extract

At Mycenae in 1876 Dr. Schliemann lifted the corner of the veil which had so long enshrouded the elder age of Hellas. Year by year ever since that veil has been further withdrawn, and now we are privileged to gaze on more than the shadowy outline of the picture of a far back age. The picture is still incomplete, but it is now possible to trace the salient points. Can we in comparing it with pictures of certain peoples who have dwelt in and reigned at Mycenae, pictures preserved for us elsewhere, identify it as that of any previously known? The object of this little essay is to make such an attempt.

The name Mycenean is now applied to a whole class of monuments—buildings, sepulchres, ornaments, weapons, pottery, engraved stones—which resemble more or less closely those found at Mycenae. I think I am right when I say that archaeologists are unanimous in considering them the outcome of one and the same civilization, and the product of one and the same race.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 16 , November 1896 , pp. 77 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1896

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References

1 Schuchhardt's, Schliemann's Excavations, p. 186–7Google Scholar. (Engl. Trans.)

2 Schliemann, , Tiryns, 1886Google Scholar.

3 Schuchhardt, p. 162–163.

4 Ib., p. 151.

5 Milchhöfor, , Anfänge der Kunst, p. 54Google Scholar.

6 Schuchhardt, p. 298.

7 Ib.

8 Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. ii. 132.

9 Schuchhardt, pp. 151, 162.

10 Schuchhardt, op. cit. p. 190.

11 ‘Egyptian Bases of Greek History,’ J.H.S. vol. xi.

12 Evans, A. J., ‘Primitive Pictographs,’ J.H.S. vol. xivGoogle Scholar.

13 τοῖσι is read by Eustathius and a good many MSS.: τῇσι is the common reading, but the feminine gender was readily suggested to the copyist by μεγάλη πόλις It is not Homeric to refer back to Ἐννήκοντα πόληες four lines above, especially when five masculine names have intervened.

14 History of Rome, i. 26, 27. (Engl. Trans.)

15 220.

16 Thuc. i. 9.

17 Il. iv. 51–2.

18 ii. 16, 5.

19 Cf. Strabo 373.

20 Fragment 642.

21 Herc. Fur. 495.

22 Pausanias ii. 16, 2.

23 Il. vii. 125.

24 Od. vi. 267.

25 Paus. vii. 1, 1–8.

26 Diony. i. 17. Larisa as mother indicates that they came from Larisa in Argos.

27 viii. 365.

28 Curtius i. 173.

29 Thucyd. i. 2.

30 Il. ii. 603 seqq.

31 viii. 16, 3.

32 Id.

33 Sir W. Gell saw a tumulus surrounded by a loose stone wall, which he identified as that of Aepytus, but the locality does not agree with that given by Pausanias.

34 Another version made Areas son of Zeus by Themisto. If the Arcadians considered themselves ‘Bears,’ descended from Areas (Bear), it may well be that this was only a mere late pun on the resemblance between Ἀρκάς and ἅρκτος though the words were in origin not related. Thus the seal (φώκη) became the blazon of Phocaea, and the apple (μῆλον) that of Melos.

35 Herod. i. 56–58 (Rawlinsoi's Trans.).

36 i. 2.

37 Dr. Leaf thinks Β 553–556, ejected by Zenodotus, ‘an addition to soothe the vanity of the Athenians, which was doubtless much hurt by the small part played by their nation in the Iliad.’ Leaf says their leader Menestheus ‘does not afterwards appear as a distinguished general. Δ 326–348 Agamemnon speaks of him in unflattering terms. He is mentioned again only M 331, 373 N 196, 690 О 331 whore the fighting is left to the heroes of the second rank.’

38 Eur., Ion. 1590Google Scholar.

39 Cf. ibid. 64.

40 v. 64.

41 Herod. ii. 50.

42 Ib. vi. 136.

43 ii. 52.

44 iv. 109.

45 vol. i. 87.

46 Paus. iv. 36, 1.

47 Od. xii. 69, 70.

48 Apollod. ii. 4, 4.

49 Il. ii. 237.

50 ii. 50.

51 i. 57.

52 Schol. ad Apoll. Rh. i. 987. Cf. ib. 948.

53 Od. xviii. 518. Cf. Strabo xiii. 1.

54 iv. 146 seqq.

54a These Argives were not Dorians, for inscriptions found at Curium prove the dialect not Doric but common Cypriote Aeolic.

55 Il. vi. 168–70.

56 Schuchhardt, op, cit. p. 296.

57 Schuchhardt, op. cit. 226.

58 cf. Schol. Ven. B in Il xix. 283, p. 525.

59 Il. xxiii. 850.

60 Ib. xxiii. 826.

61 Od. xvi. 291.

62 Schuohhardt, 122, 351.

63 Il. N. xxxiii. 12.

64 Homerische Waffen, p. 19.

65 Il. iv. 142.

66 I1. ii. 536.

67 Ib. iv. 534. Cf. used by Pindar (P. iv. 306) of the sous of Boreas.

68 Od. vi. 336.

69 Thuc. i. 6.