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Sickle and Xyele

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

J. K. Anderson
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley

Extract

Mr John Boardman's suggestion that the sickles dedicated to Artemis Orthia at Sparta were used as strigils is most enlightening, and perhaps I may be allowed to find support in it for a theory that I have advanced elsewhere, that this form of sickle is the ξυήλη of Xenophon, Anabasis iv 7.16; iv 8.25. It is true that the dedicating inscriptions never use the word ξυήλη. The sickle is only named twice, being called δρέπανον once and once δρϵπάνη. But this may be explained by the late date of all the inscriptions. Ξυήλη is only found in the two passages already cited from Xenophon, in the lexicographers (Hesychius and the Souda s-v.), who also give the Doric form ξνάλη, and in Xenophon's Cyropaedia (vi 2.32), where it means a spokeshave for smoothing the shafts of spears. It is probable that the word was obsolete even at Sparta in the Hellenistic period, and that even in Xenophon's time it was not in common use throughout Greece. Pollux (i 137) mentions the Laconian ξυΐνη in a list of weapons, including δρϵπάνη and δορνδρέπανον, and this misspelling (more probably that of a scribe writing from dictation than Pollux's own) does indicate the unfamiliarity of the word.

Type
Notes
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1974

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References

1 Boardman, J., JHS xci (1971) 136–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 Anderson, J. K., Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon (1970) 38–9Google Scholar.

3 Dawkins, R. M. (ed.), Artemis Orthia (1929), 298, 302Google Scholar.

4 Kromayer, J., in Kromayer-Veith, , Heerwesen und Kriegführung der Griechen und Römer (1928) 39 n. 3Google Scholar.

5 Chrimes, K. M. T., Ancient Sparta (1948) 363Google Scholar, citing Plutarch, Moralia 553D. Cf. also Plutarch, , Dion 57–8Google Scholar.

6 Richter, G. M. A., Catalogue of the Greek Sculptures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1954), No. 82Google Scholar.