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On the Characters of Theophrastus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Extract

I lately enriched a village library with some volumes of Dickens; but, to my disappointment, the country-folk did not care for them. And the reason was not only that all those amusing vulgarities seem neither vulgar nor amusing to rustic readers; but far more because their way of life is so entirely removed from that life of the office, the back-parlour, and the street, with which the great humourist has to do, that they cannot imagine it. My failure made me reflect how imperfect is our acquaintance with the scenery and associations of classical life, and how much of the wit and fun of ancient humourists may be lost upon us, who live in such a different world from theirs. This misgiving must strike the reader of the Characters: he feels that they are sketched from life, but he craves for a completer familiarity with the Athens of the 4th century, without which many of the minuter touches may be missed. The very quality in Theophrastus which some have called ‘superficial,’ makes a fresh demand upon the reader. The author indicates only the external symptoms of character, not concerning himself with a deeper analysis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1882

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References

page 129 note 1 Readers of Wordsworth will remember how beautifully he has expressed our instinctiye objection to such a monument:—

‘Lie here, without a record of thy worth,

Beneath a covering of common earth!

It is not from unwillingness to praise,

Or want of love, that here no stone we raise;

More thou deserv'st; but this man gives to man,

Brother to brother; this is all we can.

Yet they to whom thy virtues made thee dear

Shall find thee through all changes of the year:

This oak points out thy grave; the silent tree

Will gladly stand a monument of thee.’

Aelian (V. H. viii. 4) tells of one Poliarchus of Athens, who was said as to give an elaborate burial and sepulchral monuments to his favourite hounds and game-cocks. We do not know what his date was, and his conduct was deemed scandaleus.

page 130 note 1 Jacobs, ibid. No. DCCLVI., publishes the following from a Vatican MS.:—

This, however, is a clumsy forgery.

Imagine a little Maltese puppy, with its puny voice, being named Ταῦρος, and remembered for its ‘deep-throated’ bark! I say Maltese, although the same doubt meets us here, which we are familiar with from St. Paul's shipwreck. Callimachus, quoted by Pliny, , N. H. iii. 152Google Scholar, makes Meleda off Illyricum the home of this breed; Strabo, p. 277, is as decided for Malta.

page 132 note 1 Athens, 1871. A considerable number may be found in Boeckh's C. I. G. vol. i., and in Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, pt. i.

page 132 note 2 Before leaving this passage, I would note that the Lexicons are wrong in citing Demosthenes p. 782 as an instance of ποδαπός for ποῖος. The speaker refers to the different kinds of dogs, which were named according to nationality, Molossian, Laconian, etc.; and ποδαπός is used quite strictly: ‘of what breed ?’

page 136 note 1 The Athenians themselves were sensible of the change: see Aeschines' complaint of the cheapening of public honours pari passu with the decline of public spirit (in Ctes. § 177 foll.). He and his friends had by their policy largely contributed to this result.

page 138 note 1 See Harpocration s.v.

page 138 note 2 Dem. In Neaeram, 1374:

page 139 note 1 The specimens of this kind known to Koehler are the following, C. I. A. ii. Nos. 329, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 408, 417, 425, 426, 431, 432, 440, 441, 454, 459, 472, 487. No. 221 pretends to be an example of the same kind from the fourth century, but it is a manifest forgery.

page 139 note 2 Koehler has dealt with this class of inscriptions in the Hermes, vol. v, p, 331 foll.

page 140 note 1 See the Ephebic documents of the Roman period, passim, in most of which the mother of the gods is named.