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Further Notes on the Greek Jump

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

E. Norman Gardiner
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Extract

In my last article I tried to show that there is no adequate evidence for the statement that the Greek frequently jumped fifty feet or more, and still less for the theories of a ‘triple jump’ or a ‘hop, skip, and jump,’ which have been suggested simply to explain such a record. Other misconceptions are due to the same cause. The old idea, that the rods which so frequently occur in vase-paintings of the palaestra are jumping-poles, has been long since abandoned, and they are now recognised as akontia, or possibly measuring rods (κανόνες).

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 24 , November 1904 , pp. 179 - 194
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1904

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References

1 B. M. Vases, B. 361.

2 V. Krause, , Gymnastik der Hell. p. 325, n. 3Google Scholar. For a representation of the springboard v. Inghirami, Mus. Chivs. cxxxii. from a Chiusi wall-painting.

3 Op. cit. 385.

4 Sen. ep. xv.

5 Anacharsis, 4 ἀναπηδῶσιν ὤσπερ θέοντες ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μένοντες καὶ ἐς τὸ ἄνω συναλλόμενοι λακτίζουσιν τὸν ἀέρα. Perhaps the ball-exercise represented on an Attic sepulchral vase, published in B.C.H. vii. Pl. 19, is of this character. The treading of the clothes i represented on the wall paintings of the Fullonica at Pompeii and on a relief in the, museum at Sens, v. Schreiber, , Atlas, lxxv. 7 13Google Scholar.

6 Dar. Sagl. s.v. Halter.

7 § v.

8 Cp. Lucian, , Anach. 27Google Scholarἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπεράλ

9 Antike Turngeräthe, pp. 3–13.

10 Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1883, p. 190.

11 Jüthner, op. cit. Fig. 2.

12 Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1883, p. 103.

13 Furtwängler, , Bronzen v. Ol. iv. p. 180Google Scholar.

14 Paus. v. 26, 3.

15 id. v. 27. 12, vi. 3. 10.

16 Jüthner, op. cit. p. 10, 11.

17 Mart. vii. 67, 5, xiv. 49; Seneca, ep. xv. and lvii.; Antyll, apud Oribas. vi. 14; Galen, , De San. Tu. ii. 9Google Scholar, etc.

18 P. 193.

19 Arch. Zeit. 1884. xvi. 2b.

20 J.H.S. ii. p. 219. The same moment is represented in a Chiusi wall painting, Inghirami, Google Scholar, Mus. Chius. cxxv. = Krause, op. cit. ix. c. 25 f.

21 P. 76 of the present volume.

22 Tassie, , Pierres Gravées, ii. 46Google Scholar = Furtwängler, , Ant. Gem. xvii. 42Google Scholar = Krause, op. cit. ix. 24, p. 953.

23 Jüthner, op. cit. Fig. 20, 21. Baumeister, , Fig. 612. Gaz. Arch. 1875Google Scholar, Pl. 35.

24 Id. pp. 16, 17.

25 Gymn. 55, cp. Paus. v. 7, 4; 17, 4; vi. 14, 5.

26 Hancarville, Ant. étr. gr. ct rom. cxxiv. = Krause, op. cit. ix. 22.

27 Cp. the following r. f. kylikes: Arch. Zeit. 1878, xi. = Munich, , 795; Bull. d. I. 1856, xx.Google Scholar: Bull. nap. nouv. sér. v. 12.

28 Cp. Mus. Greg. lxx. 1. a, Arch. Zeit. 1883, ii., both r.-f. kylikes.

29 Cp. krater Vienna, 173 = Laborde i. 7 = Krause, op. cit. xiii. 19, r.f. kylix Gerh., A. V. 294Google Scholar, B. M. Vases, E 499 = Hancarville, op. cit. II. 38 = Krause, ix. 20, B. M. Vases, E 96.

30 de Ridder, Catalogue, Pl. xxi.

31 Scavi, di Bologna, xxxviii. 2Google Scholar.

33 Jüthner, op. cit. Fig. 16, from the same vase as Zannoni, lxxvii. 1.

33 Mus. Borb. iii. 13 = Krause, op. cit. xvi. 56, Hartwig, , Meisterschal, lxx. 3Google Scholar b, Krause, ix. b. 25 d. For single figures in the same attitude, v. Gerh. A. V. 294, Pottier, Louvre, G 15Google Scholar, Catalogue of Forman Collection, 1899, 332.

34 Op. cit. p. 16.

35 Dar. Sagl. loc. cit.

36 Cp. Mus. Greg. lxx. 1. a. Gerh., A. V. 294Google Scholar (Fig. 11).

37 Grenfell, and Hunt, , Oxyrhynchus Papyri, iii. 466Google Scholar. Anth. Pal. ii. 206. Lucian, , Asinus, 9Google Scholar.

38 Mus. Greg. xvii. 1. a.

39 Gerh., A. V. 259Google Scholar.

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41 Mon. d. I. I. xxii. 8, Arch. Zeit. 1881, ix. 1.

42 Krause, op. cit. viii. 18. Dar. Sagl. loc. cit.

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44 So too on a vase in the British Museum depicting Hoplitodromoi, the device on one of the shields is an athlete running with halteres, J.H.S. 1903, 288, Fig. 15.

45 The only example to the contrary is on a Roman mosaic from Tusculum. Its late date and the exaggeration of the drawing make its evidence of little value. Schreiber, , Atlas, xxiii. 10Google Scholar, Mon. d. I. vi. vii. Pl. 82.

46 Mus. Greg. lxx. 2 b.

47 Pollack, in Hippodromica, p. 50Google Scholar, uses this as an illustration of the way in which the Greek artist sometimes sacrifices truth to artistic effect, and ascribes to the same cause a similar inaccuracy in depicting the movements of a horse.

48 E.g. B.M. Vases, E 21, 22.

49 B. M. E 58 = Mon. d. I. iv. 33.

50 Catalogue, 332.

51 Arch. Zeit. 1883, ii. Gerh., A. V. 271Google Scholar. Stackelberg, , Gräb, der Hell. xii. xxiv. 5Google Scholar. B. M. Vases, B. 576, 691, E 499. B. M. Bronzes, 668.

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54 Arch. Zeit. 1884, xvi.

55 Op. cit. ix. b. 25 b.

56 Jüthner, op. cit. Fig. 10 = Apparatdes Röm. Inst. ix. 68 (1836).

57 v. 8.

58 J.H.S. 1903, p. 272.

59 Op. cit. ix. 23.

60 J.H.S. loc. cit. Fig. 4.

61 J.H.S. loc. cit. Fig. 3.

62 De Ridder, Catalogue, n. 750.

63 Arch. Zeit. 1881, ix. 2.

64 Jahrbuch, 1895, p. 186, Fig. 8.

65 Scavi di Bologna, xxii.

66 The following records may be of interest. Running long jump without weights, 24 ft. 11¾ in. Running long jump with weights, and off a board, 29 ft. 7 in. Mr. Rowden considers that Howard who did this performance would not have jumped more than 21 ft. without assistance. High jump without weights, 6 ft. 5⅝ in.; with weights, 6 ft. 8¼ in. Mr. Rowden estimates that the weights were worth an extra foot.