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The Earlier Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

W. R. Lethaby
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Extract

The most remarkable characteristic of the temple built in the sixth century was the figure sculpture which surrounded the lower drums of the columns on one or both of the fronts. This feature was certainly not an architectural freak, and the band of figures must either have been thought of as a sculptured dado or derived from Egyptian prototypes such as the sculptured columns of Medinet Abou. Both antecedents may have influenced the choice, but the former was a sufficient and the more probable source. The sculptured dado was the first form of sculptured ‘frieze’; in ‘Mycenaean’ palaces dadoes of plain or sculptured slabs faced and protected the lower parts of crude brick walls. The two fragments of slabs with reliefs of oxen from Mycenae in the Elgin collection formed part of such a dado.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 37 , November 1917 , pp. 1 - 16
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1917

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References

1 This enlargement of the bottom of the shafts recalls a conical expansion of the columns found at Naueratis.

2 See one from Thasos, , A.J.A. xix. p. 94Google Scholar: Mitt. Arch. Inst. (Rome, 1906), Pl. II. p. 64.

3 See, for example, J.H.S. 1912, p. 373. The figure in the pediment at Aegina which was identified as Herakles by Furtwängler wears armour.

4 Usually so called. See Mr.Dinsmoor's, article in Bull. Cor. Hellen. 1912, p. 449Google Scholar.

5 Collignon, i. p. 194.

6 I had written this before I found a similar statement in Radet's Cybébé, 1909, where the Asiatic queen of the beasts and her artistic descendants are fully treated. See also on Gorgons, found at Sparta (B.S.A. xiii. p. 105)Google Scholar.

7 B.S.A. xi. pp. 298 ff.

8 See Jour. R.I.B.A. Feb. 1915.

9 At Delphi, there was a separate aedicula against the back wall of the cella (J.H.S. xxxiii. 1913)Google Scholar. At Bassae a separate small chamber contained the statue. At Olympia the temple of Zeus seems to have been open till the fifth century, and so, according to Vitruvius, was the temple of Zeus at Athens.

10 Cf. Anderson, and Spiers, , Architecture of Greece and Rome, p. 57Google Scholar.

11 Mitth. Arch. Inst. xxxvii.

12 Pontremoli, Pl. XVIII.

13 As I have before shown of the later temple also.

14 The architect, we are told, wrote an account of the temple; is this likely of the sixth century.?

15 Was this the first frieze proper

16 Sartiaux, , Villes Mortes, p. 64Google Scholar.

17 Prof. Sayce, pref. to Prof. Garstang's The Land of the Hittites.

18 Prof. Garstang, The Land of the Hittites.

19 Maspero says of the Assyrian bulls that they were mystic guardians which warded off the attacks of evil men, spirits and maladies. The lions' heads on Greek gutters must originally have been apotropaic, and the early examples are much like Assyrian lions.

20 See an article in Klio, xiii. 1913.

21 Similar erect birds have been found in Palestine and curiously at Zimbabwe.

22 The four winged creatures of Ezekiel seem to have been guardians of the four quarters.